Major International Business Headlines Brief ::: 19 September 2025

Fri Sep 19 11:17:32 CAT 2025

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Major International Business Headlines Brief :::  19  September  2025 

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ü  Nigeria: CBN Reaffirms Commitment to Financial Inclusion, Economic Recovery

ü  Rwandan Franc Eases Pressure On Stronger Exports

ü  Morocco's Rail Modernization - African Development Bank's Investments Boost Mobility and Competitiveness

ü  South Africa: Green Connection and Natural Justice Reject 'World's Deepest' Oil Drilling as Reckless and Unjust

ü  Nigeria: Govt Secures Over $10bn External Loans in 2 Yrs

ü  Nigeria: Govt Moves to Curtail Tanker, Road Accidents

ü  Nigeria: Publish Recipients of N330bn Payout to Poor Nigerians, Labour Tells Government

ü  Botswana Has Valued Good Governance As Much As Diamonds

ü  Rwanda: Rubavu-Goma Border Opening Hours Extended

ü  Rwanda Looks to Nuclear Energy Through Small Modular Reactors

ü  Uganda Revives Witness Protection Bill to Tackle Digital-Age Crime

ü  Namibia: Nationwide Strike Halts Packaging Production As 510 Workers Down Tools Across Namibia

ü  Ethiopian Airlines Unveils Enhanced 2026 in-Flight Menu in Addis Ababa Tasting Event

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Nigeria: CBN Reaffirms Commitment to Financial Inclusion, Economic Recovery

Kaduna — The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has reiterated its commitment to deepening financial inclusion, strengthening the banking system, and ensuring public understanding of its policies.

The CBN Governor, Mr. Olayemi Cardoso, stated this at the 2025 edition of the CBN Fair on Thursday in Kaduna.

Cardoso, represented by the Acting Director, Corporate Communications Department of the bank, Mrs. Hakama Ali, said the event was designed to foster public trust, promote policy transparency, and engage citizens in reforms driving Nigeria's economic recovery.

"This Fair is designed as a platform to interact with members of the public on the policies of the CBN for sustainable economic growth and development of Nigeria," the CBN governor said.

The event themed, "Driving Alternative Payment Channels as Tools for Financial Inclusion, Growth and Accelerated Economic Development", focused on digital innovation and financial access for underserved Nigerians.

Cordoso said, "The theme was carefully chosen to address the links that catalyse SMEs and other critical activities for the much-needed price stability."

He said, the CBN has implemented several initiatives that were already "yielding positive results, including increases of inflows of foreign investments, positive trade balances and remarkable progress in financial inclusion."

He noted that key reforms such as the unification of exchange rates, ongoing bank recapitalisation, and the launch of the Nigeria Payments System Vision 2028 (PSV 2028) were designed to reposition the financial system for global competitiveness.

The CBN governor revealed that the apex bank had "cleared over $7bn verified backlog of FX forwards" as part of efforts to stabilise the foreign exchange market and curb speculative activities."

He added that "the recapitalisation initiative is aimed at strengthening the resilience and global competitiveness of the banking sector, positioning it to support the $1 trillion economy."

Cardoso said other major interventions included the introduction of the non-resident Bank Verification Number (BVN) for Nigerians in the diaspora and the implementation of the Unified Complaints Tracking System (UCTS).

He also announced the introduction of a USSD code (*959#) that allows Nigerians to verify licensed financial institutions, as part of wider efforts to enhance consumer protection and restore confidence in the financial services sector.

He called on Nigerians to remain vigilant and avoid misinformation, warning against relying on unofficial sources.

"I urge everyone here to rely only on information disseminated through the verifiable official channels of the Central Bank of Nigeria," he said.

The CBN governor also called on Nigerians to respect the naira, advising against abuse of the national currency.

"Do not spray, hawk, mutilate, or counterfeit the naira," she warned, describing the currency as a "critical national symbol."

Also speaking, the Kaduna Branch Controller of the CBN, Ahmed Dalhatu, described the Fair as one of the Bank's "major public enlightenment initiatives" aimed at increasing financial literacy and building trust.

He said, "This year's event continues in that tradition, and I encourage everyone here to actively participate in the discussions."

Dalhatu emphasised the growing importance of awareness amid evolving local and global economic dynamics.

"The need for increased public awareness of monetary policy, financial inclusion, consumer protection, digital payments, and intervention programmes cannot be overemphasised," he added.

Dalhatu commended stakeholders for their role in supporting the vision of the CBN.

"Your commitment and partnership are instrumental to the achievements of the CBN's mandate," he said.

Read the original article on This Day.

Rwandan Franc Eases Pressure On Stronger Exports

The Rwandan franc (Rwf) is showing signs of stabilisation after sharp depreciation against major currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar, since 2023.

In 2023, the franc fell by 18.05 per cent against the dollar, far higher than in previous years. The pressure eased in 2024, with a smaller 9.42 per cent depreciation.

Data from the National Bank of Rwanda (BNR) shows further improvement in 2025. In the first half of the year, the franc depreciated by just 2.9 per cent against the dollar, compared with 3.7 per cent in the same period of 2024.

BNR Governor Soraya Hakuziyaremye credited this stability to stronger export earnings, driven by high international prices for coffee and minerals.

"What we have observed is that prices of export commodities such as coffee as well as minerals remain elevated, which supports Rwanda's export earnings. And the increase in metal and mineral prices is due to the high demand for mainly electronics and tech companies globally," she said during the presentation of the Monetary Policy Committee and Financial Stability Statement on Thursday.

ALSO READ: Rising prices offer Rwanda's coffee sector a boost

According to the central bank, merchandise export earnings rose 6.2 per cent to $826 million, up from $777.7 million in the same period of 2024.

The growth was driven by higher receipts from both traditional exports, particularly coffee, and non-traditional exports.

Meanwhile, merchandise imports grew 4.5 per cent, reaching over $2.3 billion, compared with just over $2.2 billion in the first half of 2024.

The rise in imports reflected strong domestic demand, supporting the recovery of economic activity, the central bank noted. As a result, the trade deficit widened slightly by 3.6 per cent to more than $1.48 billion, up from $1.43 billion a year earlier.

Even so, Governor Hakuziyaremye pointed to a positive shift in the second quarter, when the deficit narrowed following a 15.5 per cent surge in merchandise exports between April and June.

"These positive developments explain why our currency has stabilised. With the foreign exchange pressures easing, the Rwandan franc depreciation against the US dollar at the end of June stood at 2.9 per cent," she said.

She noted this was an improvement from the same period in 2024, when the franc had depreciated by 3.7 per cent. "This improvement in the foreign exchange market was supported by an improved trade deficit, driven by stronger exports in the second quarter of 2025."

The governor further highlighted two other factors: the weakening of the U.S. dollar in global markets, particularly in the second quarter, and domestic foreign exchange market reforms implemented in the first half of the year.

Strong economic growth

Rwanda's economy remained resilient in the first half of 2025, recording real GDP growth of 7.2 per cent, Hakuziyaremye said. With GDP rebased to 2024 constant prices - instead of the 2017 prices - the economy grew by 6.5 per cent in the first quarter and accelerated to 7.8 per cent in the second quarter, she indicated.

ALSO READ: Rwanda's economy up by 7.8% in Q2 2025 as base year changes

Growth was largely driven by the services sector, which expanded by 9.4 per cent, boosted by a 14 per cent growth in trade and services.

The industry sector, which grew by 8.8 per cent, driven by a 12.5 percent increase in construction due to major infrastructure projects, also was among contributors.

Agriculture also played a role, with a modest recovery in the sector, as it registered overall growth of 1.7 per cent in the first half, though it recorded 8 per cent growth in the second quarter alone.

Read the original article on New Times.

Morocco's Rail Modernization - African Development Bank's Investments Boost Mobility and Competitiveness

It is 8 a.m. and the bustling streets of Casablanca are already alive with commuters heading to work.

Among them is Mohamed Al Mamoune, a 30-year-old digital entrepreneur originally from Senegal. With his briefcase in hand, he makes his way briskly to the train station for a trip to Rabat, where a client is waiting.

For Al Mamoune, who supports businesses across Morocco with branding and communication strategies, train travel has become indispensable.

"Being able to travel easily throughout the country is important. I do most of my trips by train. When I compare it with the cost of road transport, the train is much more economical and environmentally friendly. Plus, it saves me time. The train allows me to find new clients," he says.Al Mamoune is one of millions of passengers who now rely on Morocco's modernized rail network, made possible by years of investment and a clear national vision.

The Office National des Chemins de Fer (ONCF), Morocco's national rail operator, has in the past 15 years rolled out large-scale infrastructure projects, including Africa's first high-speed train, linking Tangier to Casablanca in just over two hours.

But the impact extends well beyond the flagship high-speed service. With support from the African Development Bank (AfDB), Morocco has modernized and expanded its entire network. The Bank provided €300 million to finance the Tangier-Marrakech corridor expansion, funding enabled new lines and advanced signaling systems, modern infrastructure such as the Casa-Port station, and a centralized signaling command center.

"The African Development Bank is a historic partner. It has always supported ONCF, since the 1990s," says ONCF's Director General, Mohamed Rabie Khlie.

"Beyond financing at preferential rates, we have benefited from the Bank team's technical support. They are always attentive to our needs."

-- ONCF's Director General, Mohamed Rabie KhlieThe results are striking. "The network has undergone a revolution over the past ten years," notes ONCF's Director of Engineering, Ahmed Bouhaltit.

"From high-speed line and double tracking toward Marrakech, to triple tracking between Kenitra and Casablanca, plus smarter, more efficient operations systems. For travelers, this means more comfort, safety, and punctuality. It's incomparable!"

-- ONCF's Director of Engineering, Ahmed BouhaltitThe modernization has also given a boost to Morocco's freight sector - vital for economic growth.

ONCF aims to double or even triple passenger traffic while strengthening logistics for industries such as automotive manufacturing.

Souhail Tantaoui, who manages outbound logistics at the Moroccan subsidiary of French carmaker PSA highlights the benefits:

"The rail network is very important for us. Every day, two trains each carry 280 vehicles. This allows us to evacuate our daily production to the port of Tangier Med for export to Europe and beyond. That's the equivalent of removing 35 trucks from the road daily."

-- Souhail Tantaoui, PSA MoroccoThe improved logistics have reinforced Morocco's position as an investment hub, while providing greener, more sustainable transport solutions.

For entrepreneurs like Al Mamoune, the expansion of rails is also a lifeline for business growth. Morocco plans to continue expanding its rail network. That's good news because it will allow me to grow my business," he says with a smile. "As an African, I believe our countries should do the same--develop rail. It would help boost their economies."

Today, Morocco's railways are a symbol of transformation -- modern, safe, and reliable. They have enhanced daily mobility for citizens, attracted new industries, and positioned the Kingdom as a leader in sustainable infrastructure. For the African Development Bank, which continues to invest in Morocco's transport and logistics sectors, the success story offers a glimpse of a greener, more connected, and more competitive Africa.

Maroc - Projet d'augmentation de la capacité de l'axe ferroviaire Tanger-Marrakech

Read the original article on African Development Bank (AfDB).

South Africa: Green Connection and Natural Justice Reject 'World's Deepest' Oil Drilling as Reckless and Unjust

Fresh from their landmark victory in the Teepsa 5/6/7 case – where the courts set aside authorisation for another deep-water drilling project – The Green Connection and Natural Justice are warning of an even bigger threat to people, the ocean and the climate. This time, the organisations are challenging TotalEnergies' proposal to drill what would be the world's deepest offshore well in the Deep Western Orange Basin (DWOB South). The Green Connection's Strategic Lead, Liziwe McDaid says that the scale of the project is staggering, "If approved, this would mean drilling at depths of nearly 3,900 metres, only 211 km off the coast of Saldanha – home to many indigenous small-scale fisher families. It would be reckless to put their livelihoods and our marine heritage at risk."

According to McDaid, the Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (DESIAR) reveals several governance failures. "What is particularly concerning is how the report downplays the risk of catastrophic oil spills and makes unsubstantiated claims that a blow-out could be capped in just 20 days, while experts warn it could take months at these depths. A spill of that scale could devastate fisheries and wipe out tourism jobs and could even spread into Namibian waters. This month we celebrate our heritage, and this weekend the world turns to Coastal Clean-Up and Zero Emissions – yet this project could unnecessarily put people's culture, the ocean, and climate action at risk if approved," she explains.

"Some of the most concerning aspects of the DESIAR are that it seems to ignore cumulative climate impacts and appears to perpetuate injustice against marginalised communities, due to the lack of meaningful engagement with those who will likely be affected. Many fisher communities report that, as a result of meeting locations, they were not reached, while others report that they were only afforded limited consultation – as crucial baseline data was not shared in accessible formats. This may undermine people's constitutional rights, especially since this is yet another project that could lock South Africa into a costly, carbon-heavy path that may be wholly at odds with climate science and the country's just transition commitments, and which could negatively impact the marine ecosystems that coastal communities rely on," adds McDaid.

The DESIAR also appears to present inflated economic benefits, but most skilled jobs could go to foreign contractors, which may leave locals with only short-term, low-paid work. In contrast, coastal fishing and tourism – proven, sustainable drivers of jobs and GDP – could be placed at risk.

The organisations also emphasise that impacts on marine biodiversity are barely assessed, even though the deep ocean plays a critical role in regulating the climate and sustaining fisheries. Noise pollution is similarly overlooked, with the report dismissing the risks of seismic blasts and drilling noise that can disorient whales, drive fish from their feeding grounds, and threaten endangered turtles and seabirds.

Legal Advisor at The Green Connection, Shahil Singh adds, "The law is clear, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) must consider the full life cycle of a fossil fuel project, not just the exploration phase. By failing to properly address this, the report could mislead the public into thinking exploration is harmless, when in reality it is often the first step towards large-scale oil and gas extraction. The recent Teepsa 5/6/7 judgment confirmed this principle, with the courts making it clear that weak and incomplete assessments will not stand. These flaws may strike at the heart of the report's credibility and could be grounds for legal challenge."

South Africa already faces a strict carbon budget. Any new oil and gas production may push national emissions beyond Paris Agreement commitments, which could undermine climate obligations and possibly expose the country to potential EU/UK carbon border tariffs. The International Court of Justice recently reaffirmed that governments have a duty to prevent climate harms, yet the DESIAR does not appear to make any attempt to calculate full life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions.

Furthermore, multiple exploration and drilling projects are already underway in South African and Namibian waters. Each one could add pressure to fragile marine ecosystems, yet the DESIAR appears to treat them in isolation. Experts warn this approach is equivalent to approving multiple factories to discharge into the same river while claiming each has "minimal impact."

"Additionally, calling gas a 'transition fuel' is misleading because, with gas, comes methane – which is estimated to be over 80 times more potent than CO₂ at trapping heat in the atmosphere over a 20-year period, which may leak throughout the production cycle. Moreover, buying into gas takes us backwards, at a time when we should be investing in clean, affordable renewables – especially as the high cost of gas infrastructure and reliance on global markets could result in more expensive electricity for ordinary South Africans. True development should be people-centred – uplifting communities, restoring balance with nature, and securing livelihoods – not gambling with our oceans and heritage for short-term profit," adds McDaid.

Nigeria: Govt Secures Over $10bn External Loans in 2 Yrs

The federal government has secured External Loans worth over $10 billion in the last two years.

Data obtained from the Debt Management Office, DMO indicated, however, that disbursement stood at $5 billion, about half of the secured loans.

The loans were contracted from various multilateral organisations, regional financial institutions, as well as, the International Capital Market, through Eubonds.

Detailed analysis of the debt data showed that the journey of the current administration's External Loans started with Agence France De Development Euro 103, 896, 806.66 facility for investment in Digital and Creative Economy (i-DICE) which agreement was signed on October 4, 2023. That loan was taken for advancing Nigeria's computer technology and has an interest rate of 3.50 percent with a moratorium of seven years. It will mature on October 31, 2043.

A loan maturity date is the date on which the final loan payment is due. In other words, the maturity date is when the loan is expected to be fully paid back.

Out of the total loan amount, only Euro 3. 896 million ($4. 211 million) has been disbursed.

UniCredit S.p.A. (formerly UniCredito Italiano S.p.A.) an Italian multinational banking group and the federal government signed a loan agreement of Euro 425. 698 million for the supply of six F.A. Aircraft -Tranche A (Defence). The loan was at 3.85 percent, a four-year moratorium with a maturity date of April 17, 2037. It has, however, remained undisbursed.

The first loan from China under the present administration came from China Development Bank, which gave Euro 883. 451million for the Kaduna-Zaria Rail project. The loan agreement was signed on December 1, 2023 and was given at an interest rate of 4.33 percent and moratorium of five years. It will mature on April 20, 2040. Only Euro 245.198 million ($265. 010 million has so far been disbursed.

In that same December, the government signed a World Bank loan (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) for Power Sector Recovery Performance-Based Operations (IBRD 1) amounting to $449. 000 million. The loan was given at an interest rate of 6.27 percent, a moratorium of four years and maturing on April 1, 2058. Available data indicated that only $1. 112 million has so far been disbursed.

On that same day, two other loans were given to Nigeria by the International Development Association (IDA) arm of the World Bank. They were XDR 521. 300 million for Adolescent Girls Initiative for Learning and Empowerment (AGILE) AF with 2 percent interest rate and a six-year moratorium. It has a maturity date of August 15, 2053. Only XDR 41. 345 million or $54. 828 million has been disbursed so far.

The second loan by the IDA on that day was XDR 371. 200 million for Nigeria for Women Scale-Up Project. It also has a 2 percent interest rate and a five-year moratorium, thereby maturing on February 15, 2053.

The Islamic Development Bank and the federal government signed a loan agreement for ISD 3. 560 million for Investment in digital and Creative project (i-DICE) IDB at an interest rate of 5.46 percent. It has a moratorium of five years and a maturity date of December 31, 2046. Only ISD 703, 229 ($932, 552.16) disbursed so far.

Read the original article on Vanguard.

Nigeria: Govt Moves to Curtail Tanker, Road Accidents

The federal government has pledged to ensure adequate provisions for the training and certification of truck and articulated vehicle drivers to curtail the menace of truck driver accidents.

The government also assured that it will source funds to implement the driver training projects suggested by the national assembly earlier in the year.

Speaking at a meeting with the committee overseeing the project in Abuja on Thursday, the Minister of Transportation, Senator Said Alkali, said, "On receiving the complaint from the office of the national security advisor and the same from the national assembly, the honourable minister was moved. He moved into action and said this committee must sit and be effective. He is mindful of his mandate to provide Nigerians with safe, efficient, affordable transportation.

"So if safe transportation is part of it, your mission here, driver's training, has to be part of it. Because drivers must be trained and know what they are doing, I am thrilled that all relevant stakeholders are here.

The drug law is here, the road safety is here, the president of the Female Drivers Association is here, and your humble servant, the trainer, is here. So, I want to commend you for your commitment to this cause."

Speaking on the project's funding challenges, the minister, represented by the director overseeing the permanent secretary's office, Musa Ibrahim, said, "We all know what budgetary issues are. If anything is not in the budget of a particular agency and it comes midway, generating money will be extra-budgetary. So you have to go around it and look for other ways to generate the funds. We are working around the clock to get funding, and as soon as that is ready, we will go into the project fully."

While speaking, Cynthia Ehindoro, a chairman's representative, said the committee was ready for work as soon as adequate funding was provided.

According to the committee chairman, "We appreciate your zeal for adequate land transportation in Nigeria, which was further affirmed by the recent approval of the National Transport Policy and your success in getting the Federal Executive Council's approval of about N142 billion to construct modern bus terminals across the six geo-political zones. This is commendable and a remarkable landmark in Nigeria's land transportation history.

"However, as important as effective transport is, it is even more critical to ensure the safety of the road users.

We strongly believe you are interested in adequate road transportation and safety, which are complementary. As you have demonstrated your capability in securing funds to construct the Bus Terminals, we firmly believe you can also source funds to implement the driver's re-training project to significantly reduce and eventually eliminate the crashes which have hitherto led to the loss of many lives and valuable properties. Over 80 per cent of these drivers did not know everything they needed to ensure safe driving in all situations. Many do not have a valid Driver's License, while some do not even have a Driver's License.

"This committee requested this meeting with you to reiterate that the increasing rate of road crashes (accidents) involving the drivers of articulated vehicles has made the proposed retraining program both crucial and urgent, to save irreplaceable lives and properties on Nigerian roads.

"We also believe that the success of the retraining and recertification of the drivers will further boost the performance management scores (PMS) of the minister and the ministry."

Read the original article on Leadership.

Nigeria: Publish Recipients of N330bn Payout to Poor Nigerians, Labour Tells Government

Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) has asked the federal government to disclose the full list of beneficiaries of the N330 billion reportedly disbursed to poor Nigerians under the cash transfer programme.

The call came yesterday amidst the government's claims that millions of Nigerians have been lifted out of poverty through social safety net schemes managed by the National Social Safety-net Coordinating Office (NASSCO).

Speaking with LEADERSHIP Friday, NLC's acting general secretary, Comrade Benson Upah, questioned the transparency of the cash transfer initiative, noting that government pronouncements must be backed by credible evidence.

Upah argued that for the sake of accountability, Nigerians deserve verifiable proof of the disbursements.

He further criticised what he described as "banditry with statistics," accusing the government of announcing large-scale poverty alleviation figures without corresponding evidence.

"They should let them line up, in advanced economies, if you say you have created social jobs, you show the jobs. It's not that you just go to the media and say you have created social jobs, they will check, so we want to see the beneficiaries.

"When you say you have lifted millions of people, where are they, where are the people you have given so much to, they should publish the recipients," he said.

"So, if we have to copy, let us copy wisely and intelligently because for every activity, there is an audience and the Nigerian audience is not a stupid audience, it is highly enlightened, I tell you," he said.

The NLC leader maintained that publishing the names of the recipients would help restore public confidence in the government's anti-poverty drive, which many Nigerians believe has done little to cushion the impact of inflation and rising living costs.

Read the original article on Leadership.

Botswana Has Valued Good Governance As Much As Diamonds

The country's trajectory shows that natural endowments are neither destiny nor curse; governance determines the outcome.

The 'resource curse' or 'paradox of plenty' affects many resource-rich African countries. In many cases, natural resources fuel corruption, conflicts, economic stagnation and institutional weakness. Botswana stands out as a remarkable counter-example.

At independence in 1966, Botswana was one of the world's poorest countries, with limited infrastructure, a weak health system, and a poorly educated population. Nevertheless, the country harnessed its diamond wealth to achieve upper-middle-income status, which it has maintained for nearly two decades.

This success stemmed from deliberate policy decisions, grounded in institutional reforms, transparent resource management, and long-term planning. Botswana's experience shows that natural resources can drive broad-based economic development, but this is only possible with effective governance.

When diamonds were discovered in the late 1960s, Botswana faced risks similar to those that plague other African resource-rich countries: capture by political elites, misallocation of revenues and overdependence on volatile global markets. Instead of succumbing, Botswana established a governance framework that ensured diamond wealth would serve national priorities.

The country has a solid history of fiscal stewardship designed with transparency at its core. Diamond revenues were channelled into sustainable development-oriented public investment through the 'sustainable budgeting principle', limiting off-book budget spending. Diamond mining became the economy's backbone, contributing over a third of fiscal revenue, approximately a quarter of gross domestic product, and about 80% of exports.

Education became a cornerstone of development, with universal primary education and significant investments in secondary and tertiary training equipping Batswana for the modern economy. Health systems expanded rapidly, as diamond revenues financed hospitals, clinics and public health campaigns that established a healthier workforce. Infrastructure investment also accelerated, with roads, telecommunications and electricity networks linking communities and improving productivity.

By directing diamond wealth into these sectors, Botswana avoided the so-called white elephant projects that have weakened many resource-dependent African countries. Instead, it built human capital and productive infrastructure, multiplying the impact of its natural endowments.

The country also established a robust legal framework that safeguarded property rights and reassured investors. Democratic institutions, supported by parliamentary oversight, provided checks on executive authority, while an independent judiciary reinforced the rule of law.

Most importantly, successive National Development Plans ensured that diamond revenues were invested strategically, with discipline and predictability. This approach attracted transparent and development-oriented foreign investment and amplified its positive impact on the country's growth and development.

However, Botswana's development path was neither inevitable nor without challenges. Heavy reliance on diamond exports has exposed the economy to global price shocks. At the same time, poverty, measured at the US$6.85-per-day threshold for upper-middle-income countries, and persistent income inequality, remain significant concerns.

As the World Bank's Naoko Kojo aptly argued in 2010, 'diamonds are not forever' - a reminder that the country's revenues will decline as deposits deplete.

Botswana's next challenge is to channel its remaining diamond wealth into diversifying the economy, fostering private-sector growth and safeguarding social cohesion. This ambition is anchored in Vision 2036, which aims to attain high-income status for the country by 2036, driven by sustainable diversification and inclusive growth.

Recent research by the African Futures and Innovation team at the Institute for Security Studies indicates that while diversification is essential for economic transformation, Botswana's inclusive development still depends on good governance. Among all the scenarios analysed, the Governance scenario yields the most significant poverty reduction, lowering the rate to 41.9% by 2043. This is approximately 2.5 percentage points lower than the Current Path forecast.

Four key lessons are relevant for resource-rich African countries. First, authorities should strengthen governance systems before resource windfalls arrive. Legal frameworks, fiscal rules and parliamentary oversight should not be an afterthought once revenues are flowing. Botswana's government recognised this early, investing in rule-based systems and resisting the temptations of short-term populism.

Second, revenues should be directed towards public development priorities rather than serving the interests of political elites. By prioritising education, health and infrastructure, Botswana laid the groundwork for broad-based and sustainable prosperity. This will benefit current citizens and future generations.

Third, openness sustains legitimacy. Independent courts, an active civil society and transparency in contracts and budgets are essential to guard against elite capture. By managing diamond wealth through the national budget instead of hidden accounts, Botswana's government fostered public trust in how resources were used.

Finally, Botswana's current challenge underscores the urgency for resource-dependent states to diversify their economies well before commodity decline kicks in. These countries must act now to invest in new sectors, foster private enterprise and prepare for a future where resources alone cannot sustain growth.

Botswana has demonstrated that diamonds, often symbols of luxury and inequality, can become engines of inclusive growth and development when managed wisely. The country's trajectory shows that natural endowments are neither destiny nor curse; governance determines the outcome.

Africa's next resource boom is already underway, from gas in Mozambique to critical minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe and Guinea. The lesson from Botswana's development story is stark but hopeful: resource-rich states need transparency, strong institutional quality, prudent investment and political will.

If leaders apply these lessons with urgency, today's windfalls can finance tomorrow's prosperity. If not, the continent risks repeating a cycle of corruption and wasted wealth.

This article was first

Marvellous Ngundu, Research Consultant, African Futures and Innovation, ISS

Read the original article on ISS.

Rwanda: Rubavu-Goma Border Opening Hours Extended

The governor of North Kivu Province, Erasto Musanga Bahati, has announced the extension of opening hours of the 'Grande Barrière' Border post between Rubavu and Goma towns, effective September 19.

The move follows earlier changes made in February which saw the extension of border crossing time to 10PM after the AFC/M23 rebel group captured Goma town.

ALSO READ: New governor of North Kivu extends opening hours at border with Rwanda

Musanga Bahati, through a communiqué, issued on Thursday, September 18, "brought to the attention of the entire population of North Kivu, in general, particularly residents of Goma town that the Grande Barrière Border will remain open from 6:00 am until midnight, effective September 19, 2025."

According to Rubavu District officials, the earlier extensions have led to approximately 50,000 people crossing through Petite Barrière and Grande Barrière border posts every day, making Petite Barrière one of the busiest land borders in the world.

Read the original article on New Times.

Rwanda Looks to Nuclear Energy Through Small Modular Reactors

Rwanda is advancing its nuclear energy ambitions by forging strategic partnerships with developers of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and advanced reactor technologies, according to the Chief Executive Officer of the Rwanda Atomic Energy Board (RAEB).

ALSO READ: Inside Rwanda's plan to set up 110 MW nuclear power plants

Fidele Ndahayo said this during the 69th Regular Session of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) General Conference in Vienna on Wednesday, September 17.

"Rwanda continues to strengthen its independent nuclear regulatory body to ensure robust oversight of nuclear activities," he said. "We are also establishing strategic partnerships with companies developing SMR and advanced reactor technologies," he added.

Rwanda is opting for SMRs with an output of less than 300 megawatts. One megawatt of capacity could power at least 3,000 residential homes, with costs estimated between $2 million and $3 million per megawatt.

According to Ndahayo, the move positions the country as a proof-of-concept destination while accelerating knowledge and technology transfer.

He further noted Rwanda's commitment to using peaceful nuclear technology to drive socio-economic transformation in line with its Vision 2050.

"Our national nuclear policy, together with the updated nuclear law, is being implemented to provide a framework for the safe, secure, and sustainable use of nuclear science and technology," he added.

Rwanda's Nuclear Energy Programme currently consists of two flagship projects: the Centre for Nuclear Science and Technology and a Nuclear Power Plant project based on SMRs.

These initiatives aim to meet national needs in sectors such as food and agriculture, human health, industry, environment, water resources management, and electricity generation.

This year, Rwanda hosted the Nuclear Energy Innovation Summit for Africa in Kigali, gathering leaders, experts, and innovators to explore pathways for advancing nuclear technology across the continent.

Rwanda will also host the 2026 summit, scheduled for May 18-19, Ndahayo announced.

He also noted Rwanda's hosting of several key IAEA missions in 2025, including the International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS), Regulatory Infrastructure for Radiation Safety and Nuclear Security (RISS), and the Integrated Mission of the Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (imPACT).

Additionally, the country will host the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) and Integrated Safety Review Service (INSERV) missions in 2026, ensuring compliance with international safety, security, and safeguards obligations.

"These missions will provide valuable guidance in ensuring that Rwanda continues to develop its nuclear energy programme in full compliance with international safety, security, and safeguards obligations," he added.

Read the original article on New Times.

Uganda Revives Witness Protection Bill to Tackle Digital-Age Crime

The Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP) has renewed calls for the long-delayed Witness Protection Bill, citing its critical role in reinforcing Uganda's criminal justice system as digital-age crimes continue to rise.

The remarks came during a validation meeting organized by the Anti-Corruption Coalition Uganda (ACCU), which brought together government agencies, media representatives, and civil society to review findings from a study on Uganda's witness protection framework.

Charles Richard Kamuli, Assistant Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the Witness Protection Department, explained that the first draft of the bill was produced in 2015 by the Uganda Law Reform Commission but stalled.

"The journey in pursuit of the witness protection law has been a long one. Unfortunately, the 2015 draft bill did not go far and somehow stagnated," Kamuli said.

Momentum was revived in 2023 during the sixth Joan Kagezi Memorial Lecture, when President Museveni directed the Attorney General to follow up on the bill.

The Speaker of Parliament later referred the matter to the Attorney General's office, which established a working committee chaired by Deputy Solicitor General Charles Ouma to review the legislation.

Kamuli emphasized the urgency of updating the draft to reflect modern crime trends.

"Witnesses form the foundation of our criminal justice system - the eyes, the ears, and the mouthpiece for justice," he said.

"But the draft bill is nearly a decade old. Crime has gone digital, with cyber fraud, identity theft, money laundering, online pornography, and other offenses committed via social media platforms. The law must be reviewed to meet the challenges of our time."

The proposed legislation aims to provide legal safeguards for witnesses against intimidation, threats, and reprisals, enabling prosecutors to secure stronger convictions, particularly in high-profile and organized crime cases.

ACCU Executive Director Marlon Agaba urged the government to expedite enactment, warning that the lack of a legal framework has undermined prosecutions and contributed to the collapse of many cases.

"Current mechanisms for safeguarding witnesses are inadequate, leaving many victims and key informants exposed to intimidation, threats, and reprisals," Agaba said.

He added that police reports show a surge in commercial and economic crimes worth trillions of shillings, yet only about 20 percent of cases reach conviction because witnesses are unwilling to participate due to weak protection mechanisms.

Agaba outlined that comprehensive legislation would provide clear measures, including police protection, safe houses, relocation across jurisdictions, and, in extreme cases, identity changes for witnesses under threat.

"With a law in place, witnesses would have legal guarantees against physical harm, psychological intimidation, and property damage. This would strengthen prosecutions and ensure justice is delivered," he said.

Stakeholders at the meeting also reviewed a study mapping Uganda's current witness protection framework, highlighting gaps, challenges, and proposals for reform. Discussions focused on aligning the law with international standards to ensure effective protection for witnesses in sensitive and high-profile cases.

Civil society organizations and legal experts warn that without robust witness protection, Uganda will continue to record low conviction rates in corruption, economic crimes, and organized crime cases.

Read the original article on Nile Post.

Namibia: Nationwide Strike Halts Packaging Production As 510 Workers Down Tools Across Namibia

Operations at one of Namibia's largest manufacturing companies, Plastic Packaging, have come to a standstill as 510 employees downed tools in a countrywide strike.

The strike, which started on Tuesday, follows months of failed wage negotiations between the Metal and Allied Namibian Workers Union (Manwu) and Plastic Packaging's management.

The workers are demanding a 6% salary increase, a N$100 housing allowance, and full back pay dating back to March.

Manwu deputy secretary general Angula Angula says the employees had reached breaking point after talks with the company's management failed to yield progress.

"We have been engaging the employer since January. Several meetings were held, but we could not reach concessions. The workers' position is clear: They want a 6% back pay and N$100 for housing," he says.

Angula says the strike affected all 10 Plastic Packaging branches in Namibia, including those at Okahandja, Windhoek, Walvis Bay, Rundu and Otjiwarongo.

Plastic Packaging shop steward Elias Shalimba says the workers were disappointed after not receiving their annual increment in March.

"Normally, we get our increase from 1 March. This year, nothing was given. That is why we decided to go on strike," Shalimba said while addressing workers outside the company premises in Windhoek this week.

He said the employees were united in their demands.

"We are here together, united in the same spirit. The company must answer to us. We need a 6% increase, a N$100 housing allowance, and full back pay. That is what we demand," he said.

Plastic Packaging managing director Nico du Plessis this week confirmed the strike and expressed concern about its impact on the company and its clients.

Founded in 1982, Plastic Packaging is a fully Namibian-owned and operated business, supplying packaging materials to industries countrywide.

Du Plessis confirmed that the company employs 510 workers nationwide, making it one of the largest employers in the manufacturing sector.

He stressed that while the company valued its employees, it could not meet demands that exceeded inflation.

"Our lowest-paid employee already earns more than double the official Namibian minimum wage, excluding overtime and bonuses. Salaries are by far the biggest expense on our income statement.

Meeting the demands of double inflation would put the business at risk and threaten the livelihoods of all 510 employees," he said.

Du Plessis said the company's management had offered a 4% increase and a N$30 housing allowance, which was rejected.

The union, however, maintains that the company is in a position to meet workers' demands.

"Plastic Packaging is a strong team and has been in operation for decades. We believe the demands of the employees are reasonable and can be met," Manwu regional coordinator Sanchez Matias says.

He says the union would continue engaging the employer in the hope of reaching an agreement.

"We anticipate fruitful negotiations. As a union, our position is very clear: We stand with our members until their demands are met," Matias says.

NEXT STEPS

Both sides have signalled a willingness to return to the negotiating table, but no date has been set for the next round of talks.

The strike has halted production across Plastic Packaging's 10 branches, raising concerns about potential disruptions in supply to industries dependent on the company's products.

Du Plessis says the company's management was hopeful of finding common ground.

"We remain confident that we will resolve this matter and welcome our employees back to the family so we can continue doing what we do best, serving our customers and our economy with good packaging solutions," he says.

Read the original article on Namibian.

Ethiopian Airlines Unveils Enhanced 2026 in-Flight Menu in Addis Ababa Tasting Event

Addis Ababa — Ethiopian Airlines presented an exclusive in-flight meals and tasting event to unveil a diverse group of onboard passengers with various dietary requirements in 2026.

The event was held today at the Skylight Hotel in Addis Ababa in the presence of senior airline executives and valued premium passengers, aimed to gather feedback from stakeholders to further enhance the customer experience onboard Africa's largest airline network.

Ethiopian In-flight catering presented its 2026 economy and business class menu at Ethiopian Skylight Hotel. The event, which is aimed at introducing the new menu and gathering real-time feedback from passengers and stakeholders, showcased the diverse cuisines Ethiopian planned to serve to its passengers beginning from January of next year.

Upholding the highest value for food safety and quality, Ethiopian In-flight Catering is a certified unit under Ethiopian Airlines Group, offering catering services and on-board duty-free items for both scheduled and non-scheduled Ethiopian and customer airlines, VVIP and charter flights.

Addressing the gathering, Ethiopian Airlines Group CEO Mesfin Tassew emphasized the airline's unwavering commitment to excellence.

"As a customer-focused airline, we continuously strive to shape our services to better serve our customers' needs," Mesfin stated.

The in-flight meals account for a significant part of our passengers' on-board experience, Mesfin said, expressing delight over creating the space for customers to review the meals and share their feedback.

The CEO highlighted the airline's global reach and diverse passenger base.

"As an airline that operates a vast global network on five continents, we serve a diverse group of passengers with various dietary requirements due to religious guidelines and personal preferences," he noted

"This year, 2025, we have won the Best Business Class On-Board Catering in Africa. This title goes to show the recognition and appreciation of our passengers for the hard work we put in place to offer them the best on-board experience," Mesfin proudly expressed gratitude to esteemed customers.

The airline's catering operations featured specialized facilities including separate halal and kosher kitchens, staffed by internationally recruited chefs and certified under various food safety and environmental management systems.

Customer Experience Vice President Samson Arega described the menu philosophy.

"At Ethiopian Airlines, we believe food is more than nourishment. It's a story, a culture, and an experience. Our menus are inspired by rich culinary traditions of Ethiopia, elevated with international flavors, and crafted with meticulous care to meet the highest global standards," Samson elaborated.

Samson further emphasized that the 2026 menu introduced elevated offerings for business class passengers.

"For our business class guests, we are raising the standard even higher, offering curated hot and cold meals, starters, pastries, and desserts that create a fine dining experience above the clouds."

Economy class service also receives significant attention, with the airline "equally committed to ensuring warmth, authenticity, and comfort in every journey."

Samson concluded by positioning the new menu as more than mere sustenance.

"As we look ahead to 2026, this menu is not just food in our way, it's our way of saying welcome on board in the most genuine and heartfelt way. It's a celebration of culture, innovation, and excellence that the company stands for," according to Customer Experience Vice President.

The feedback gathering exercise reflected Ethiopian Airlines' continued strategy of passenger engagement in service development, building on its reputation as Africa's leading carrier and recent Skytrax recognition for catering excellence.

Ethiopian Airlines has received significant recognition from Skytrax for its catering excellence. Specifically, the airline has been awarded the "Best Business Class Onboard Catering in Africa" at the Skytrax World Airline Awards for multiple years.

Ethiopian Airlines attributes its catering success to its state-of-the-art facility in Addis Ababa, which is capable of producing up to 100,000 meals daily and includes kitchens staffed by chefs from around the world, as well as a separate Halal-certified kitchen.

Read the original article on ENA.

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