Major International Business Headlines Brief::: 27 April 2022

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Major International Business Headlines Brief::: 27 April 2022 

 


 

 


 <https://www.nedbank.co.zw/> 

 


 

 


ü  Poland says it will manage without Russian gas

ü  Tesla shares slide could put Musk's Twitter takeover at risk

ü  Share prices fall on concerns over further China lockdowns

ü  Kellogg's in court battle over new rules for high-sugar cereals

ü  First P&O ferry crosses Channel since sackings

ü  Nigeria: Ensuring Railway Modernisation for Economic Sustainability

ü  Nigeria: As Indonesia Bans Palm Oil Exports, Nigeria Unable to Seize
Lucrative Opportunity

ü  Kenya: Bayer East Africa Sets Aside Shs8.5 Million to Upgrade School
Structures in Baringo

ü  Liberia: NaFAA Takes Free Yamaha Engines, Fishing Nets Distribution to
Southeastern Liberia

ü  Liberia: Turks Were Deported in Exchange for Turkish Investments in
Liberia, New Details Reveal

ü  Nigeria: Why We Closed Land Borders for 2 Years - Buhari

ü  Asian stocks stumble, dollar at pandemic high on global growth fears

ü  Australia banks pull forward hike calls after inflation surprise

ü  India's decision to list LIC was based on strong market demand -official

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 <mailto:info at bulls.co.zw> 

 


 

 

Poland says it will manage without Russian gas

Russian energy giant Gazprom has confirmed it has halted gas exports to
Poland and Bulgaria over the countries' refusal to pay for supplies in
roubles.

 

In a statement released on Wednesday morning, the company said services will
not be restored until payments are made in the Russian currency.

 

Last month, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered "unfriendly" countries
to pay for gas in roubles.

 

Poland's deputy foreign minister said Warsaw can cope without Gazprom's gas.

 

Marcin Przdacz told the BBC that Poland had "taken some decisions many years
ago to prepare for such a situation" and said that as a result "now there
are options to get the gas from other partners," including the US and gulf
nations.

 

UK Deputy Prime Minister Dominic Raab told Sky News the decision to cut off
gas supplies will have "a very damaging effect on Russia," adding that such
moves could lead to the country becoming "an economic pariah".

 

Polish state gas company PGNiG confirmed that Gazprom's supplies to the
country had been halted.

 

PGNiG bought 53% of its gas imports from Gazprom in the first quarter of
this year, but Warsaw says it can get gas from other sources.

 

It described the suspension as a breach of contract, adding that the company
would take steps to reinstate the gas supply.

 

It is unclear whether supplies have ceased to Bulgaria after Sofia said
early on Wednesday that gas continued to flow for the time being.

 

Bulgaria, which relies on Gazprom for more than 90% of its gas supply, also
said it had taken steps to find alternative sources but no restrictions on
gas consumption were currently required.

 

The country's energy ministry said Bulgaria had fulfilled its obligations
under the current contract with Gazprom and made all required payments.
Energy Minister Temenuzhka Petkova accused Gazprom of breach of contract and
said Sofia will continue to follow the EU's position and pay for its
supplies in euros.

 

Could the world cope without Russian oil and gas?

Germany rules out immediate ban on Russian oil

Following the news, Poland's climate ministry said the country's energy
supplies were secure.

 

Climate Minister Anna Moskwa said there was no need to draw gas from
reserves and gas to customers would not be cut.

 

Mr Przydacz said his country had been preparing for the possibility Russia
might limit gas exports by diversifying its supplies.

 

"I'm pretty sure that we will manage to handle this," he told the BBC.

 

He added that the suspension proved Moscow was "not a reliable partner in
any kind of business" and urged other European nations like Germany to
support a ban on Russian energy imports.

 

Poland was already planning to stop importing Russian gas by the end of the
year, when its long-term supply contract with Gazprom expires.

 

PGNiG said its underground gas storage was almost 80% full and, with summer
approaching, demand was lower.

 

Poland also has alternative supply sources, including a liquefied natural
gas (LNG) terminal in Swinoujscie.

 

On 1 May, a new gas pipeline connection with Lithuania is also due to open
that will give Poland access to gas from Lithuania's LNG terminal.

 

And a new pipeline delivering gas from Norway, known as the "Baltic Pipe",
comes online in October. It should reach full capacity by the end of the
year and could replace all Russian deliveries.

 

The gas supply cut does not mean Poland will immediately be unable to meet
customer demand.

 

In recent years, Poland has reduced its dependence on Russian gas and it now
buys LNG from Qatar and pipelines connect the country to the European
market. Plus, the winter heating season is over, so demand is lower.

 

But Gazprom supplies more than half of all Poland's gas imports. That's a
big hole to fill.

 

And Poland is not the only EU country now seeking to stop buying Russian
energy.

 

There's a lot of competition on an already tight gas supply market. When the
heating season starts again in the autumn and demand rises, Poland could
face a tricky few months securing enough supply.

 

And if it does so, it may have to restrict supplies to large industrial
users.

 

2px presentational grey line

Supplies from Russia account for about 40% of the EU's natural gas imports.

 

However, many countries have pledged to move away from Russian energy in
response to its invasion of Ukraine.

 

The US has declared a complete ban on Russian oil, gas and coal imports.

 

Meanwhile, the UK is to phase out Russian oil by the end of the year, with
gas to follow as soon as possible, and the EU is reducing gas imports by
two-thirds.-BBC

 

 

 

Tesla shares slide could put Musk's Twitter takeover at risk

Tesla shares have fallen after investor concerns that boss Elon Musk may
have to sell shares in the electric car maker to help pay for the takeover
of Twitter.

 

Tesla had more than $125bn (£99.3bn) wiped off its market value on Tuesday.

 

One analyst said the slump in Tesla's value may pose problems for a $12.5bn
loan Mr Musk has secured against his stake in the company.

 

The issues highlight the challenges he faces as he tries to run five firms.

 

Tesla's share price has taken a hammering, with some investors wondering
whether Mr Musk's Twitter purchase is bad for Tesla.

 

Shares dropped 12.2% from just over $1tn to $906bn.

 

 

Some are now asking whether Elon Musk, by trying to buy Twitter, may have
bitten off more than he can chew.

 

Mr Musk is a famous workaholic. In 2019 he was asked on Twitter whether it
was true that he worked 90 hour weeks.

 

"In recent years, hours were much higher", he said. "I don't recommend it
though - bad for health and happiness."

 

Mr Musk runs Tesla, the most valuable car company in the world. He also
heads up Space X, a company that designs, manufactures and launches advanced
rockets and spacecraft.

 

He also founded the Boring Company, that looks to revolutionise transport
through tunnelling and Neuralink, with a mission to connect humans brains
with computers.

 

That is already a lot to think about.

 

Musk what he owns

Now Mr Musk is looking to take on one of the hardest jobs in Silicon Valley
- the new owner of Twitter.

 

Twitter isn't a normal technology company. It is a news generating machine
which is influential around the world.

 

Influencers are on TikTok, world leaders are on Twitter. And if you think
Twitter's impact is consigned to the West, think again.

 

Twitter's most followed global leader by a country mile is India's prime
minister, Narendra Modi.

 

But Twitter's huge influence comes with huge challenges. As the global "town
square" for debate, Twitter has to decide how to moderate the platform.

 

Mr Musk says he is a "free speech absolutist". But make no mistake, the
platform will still need to be moderated.

 

On Tuesday, he clarified what he meant: "By 'free speech', I simply mean
that which matches the law" he said.

 

By "free speech", I simply mean that which matches the law.

 

I am against censorship that goes far beyond the law.

 

If people want less free speech, they will ask government to pass laws to
that effect.

 

Therefore, going beyond the law is contrary to the will of the people.

 

But there are real problems with that definition. For one, the law is
different in different countries.

 

It is also often difficult to know whether a tweet breaks the law in real
time.

 

Did tweets encouraging the storming of Capitol Hill in Washington cross the
line into insurrection? Where does criticism become libel? When does hate
speech directed towards someone become abuse or harassment?

 

In February, I interviewed the chief executive of Gab, Jason Miller. He's
Donald Trump's former spokesperson, and now heads up a "free speech"
alternative to Twitter.

 

And yet Gab has a load of rules on what you can and can not say.

 

"I spend a lot of time on moderation policy, it's probably what I get
enquiries from people about the most", he said.

 

So Mr Musk is going to have to spend an awful lot of time thinking about,
and resource the policing of Twitter, whatever happens.

 

Twitter has some other fairly significant structural problems. Unlike its
Silicon Valley peers like Facebook or YouTube, Twitter has never been very
good at making money from the platform.

 

Mr Musk believes he can turn that around. But that will take time and
effort.

 

And some are now wondering whether he has the time to be able to do that
without hurting the other companies he runs.

 

"Unless Elon Musk has invented a way to add hours to the day, there's just
only so much time that he can devote to all of this." says Tim Higgins,
author of Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century.

 

"I would imagine that in the next few months, years, he's going to be deeply
in the weeds of Twitter. And if you're an investor in Tesla, you're probably
a little nervous about that," Mr Higgins said.

 

Tesla shareholders are also concerned the deal could mean his selling off a
stake in the car firm.

 

As part of the deal he has to stump up $21bn in equity himself. It is not
yet clear where this money is coming from.

 

The rest of the money is being raised by loans using Mr Musk's assets as
collateral.

 

It means that if Tesla shares begin to tumble, it could scupper a deal that
is structured around the intrinsic value of those shares.

 

"If Tesla's share price continues to remain in freefall that will jeopardise
his financing," Oanda senior market analyst Ed Moya said.

 

Mr Musk is not the first entrepreneur to found multiple companies. Steve
Jobs co-founded Apple and Pixar. Jack Dorsey was chief executive of Twitter
and Block.

 

But to run five companies means entrusting others to effectively run the
businesses on your behalf.

 

And that rubs up against Mr Musk's nature - who is a self-proclaimed
"nano-manager".

 

Last year, he said he didn't want to be chief executive of Tesla. I asked
him why. He told me he didn't want to be chief executive of anything.

 

That may be true. But he most certainly wants to be involved in the day to
day running of these companies.

 

His biographer, Walter Isaacson, said on Tuesday that Mr Musk was working at
Space X when the Twitter bid was accepted. That evening he attended a 10pm
meeting about engine design.

 

"He spent more than an hour working on valve leak solutions. No one
mentioned Twitter. He can multi-task," he said.

 

That Mr Musk can multi-task is without question. But will he able to spin so
many plates at once, without them all coming crashing down?-BBC

 

 

 

Share prices fall on concerns over further China lockdowns

Shares in the US and Asia have fallen on fears about the impact of lockdowns
in China on global economic growth.

 

On Tuesday, the technology-heavy Nasdaq Composite index closed at its lowest
level since late 2020.

 

Tesla was a big faller, with more than $125bn (£99.3bn) wiped off its market
value as boss Elon Musk moves ahead with his takeover of Twitter.

 

Concerns about earnings reports from some of the world's biggest technology
firms also weighed on markets.

 

At the same time, news that Russia will cut gas supplies to Poland and
Bulgaria also added to the negative sentiment.

 

Investors were already worried about the prospects for aggressive interest
rate hikes in the US and around the world to combat rising global inflation
and the war in Ukraine.

 

Authorities in Beijing are trying to stamp out a Covid-19 outbreak and avoid
a repeat of the city-wide restrictions that have kept Shanghai in lockdown
for a month.

 

That has raised concerns about the prospects for growth in the world's
second largest economy and the potential knock-on effect globally.

 

Japan's Nikkei 225 index closed 1.2% lower, while South Korea's Kospi index
fell by 1.1%.

 

That followed stock market falls in New York, with the Dow Jones Industrial
Average closing 2.4% lower and the Nasdaq losing almost 4% on Tuesday.

 

Alvin Tan, head of Asia FX strategy at RBC Capital Markets, told the BBC
that there were concerns over a possible lockdown of Beijing.

 

"The extended lockdown in Shanghai and other parts of the country has
seriously damaged economic activity and consumer sentiment," Mr Tan said.

 

"Beijing alone contributes about 3.5% of China's GDP, while Shanghai
contributes around 4%. So it would be a massive blow to the overall economy
if these two cities were to be locked down at the same time," he added.

 

However, shares in mainland China rose after losses earlier in the week. On
Wednesday, the Shanghai Composite added 2.5% and the CSI 300 gained 2.9%.

 

Meanwhile, Tesla shares lost more than 12% as its chief executive moved
ahead with his takeover of Twitter.

 

"The only thing we know for sure is that Musk considers himself a free
speech absolutist, so that will be what the platform will primarily focus on
from now," said Dexter Thillien, lead analyst for technology and telecoms at
Economist Intelligence Unit.

 

After US markets closed, Google's parent company Alphabet said the war in
Ukraine hurt YouTube advertising sales, which helped send its shares lower
in after-hours trade.-BBC

 

 

 

Kellogg's in court battle over new rules for high-sugar cereals

Food giant Kellogg's is taking the government to court over new rules that
would prevent some cereals being prominently displayed in stores because of
their high sugar content.

 

Kellogg's says the rules fail to consider the nutritional value of the milk
added to the product.

 

The company says independent market data shows cereals are eaten with milk
or yoghurt in 92% of cases.

 

But the government said the new rules would help tackle childhood obesity.

 

Under the new regulations for England, which come into force from October,
retailer promotions on food and drink high in fat, salt or sugar will be
restricted.

 

Products covered by the restrictions will also not be allowed to be featured
in key locations such as checkouts, store entrances, aisle ends and their
online equivalents.

 

 

Popular brands such as Crunchy Nut Corn Flakes and Fruit and Fibre are
classified as foods that are high in fat, sugar or salt in their dry form
and so retailers may be prevented from displaying such products in prominent
positions, harming sales.

 

Including added milk would change the calculation by reducing the proportion
of sugar and salt content relative to the weight of the overall serving.

 

In a statement, Kellogg's said it had "tried to have a reasonable
conversation with government" over the issue without success - hence their
legal challenge.

 

Chris Silcock, Kellogg's UK Managing Director, said: "We believe the formula
being used by the government to measure the nutritional value of breakfast
cereals is wrong and not implemented legally. It measures cereals dry when
they are almost always eaten with milk.

 

"All of this matters because, unless you take account of the nutritional
elements added when cereal is eaten with milk, the full nutritional value of
the meal is not measured."

 

However, some food campaigners disagreed.

 

Caroline Cerny, from the Obesity Health Alliance, said: "This is a blatant
attempt by a multinational food company to wriggle out of vital new
regulations that will limit their ability to profit from marketing their
unhealthy products.

 

"It's shocking that a company like Kellogg's would sue the government over
its plans to help people be healthier rather than investing in removing
sugar from their cereals."

 

A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: "Breakfast cereals
contribute 7% - a significant amount - to the average daily free sugar
intakes of children.

 

"Restricting the promotion and advertising of less healthy foods is an
important part of the cross-government strategy to halve childhood obesity
by 2030, prevent harmful diseases and improve healthy life expectancy, so we
can continue to level up health across the nation."

 

The BBC understands the government is determined to fight Kellogg's legal
case as it might allow other producers to suggest ways their products' fat,
sugar and salt content could be reduced if served with other ingredients, in
a way it feels could undermine the new regulations.

 

A hearing on the issue begins later at the Royal Courts of Justice in
London.-BBC

 

 

 

First P&O ferry crosses Channel since sackings

The first P&O ferry has crossed the English Channel since the company
sparked outrage by sacking 800 workers without notice last month.

 

The firm's Spirit of Britain departed Dover for Calais just after 23:00 BST
on Tuesday, traffic websites showed.

 

The operator confirmed that the Sprit of Britain will initially carry only
freight and no tourist traffic.

 

It came after another P&O ship spent hours adrift without power in the Irish
Sea.

 

P&O said the incident was caused by a "temporary mechanical issue" that had
been resolved.

 

The ship - which will now be visited by maritime inspectors- returned to
port "under its own propulsion, with local tugs on standby," a spokesperson
added.

 

On 17 March, P&O announced it was sacking 800 of its staff and replacing
them with agency workers paid below the UK minimum wage as part of cost
cutting measures.

 

The Sprit of Britain had been held in port by the Maritime and Coastguard
Agency since 12 April due to a number of unspecified deficiencies, but was
cleared to sail again on Friday.

 

It is the only P&O ship back in service on the Dover to Calais route, with
three others still waiting to pass inspections.

 

Transport Secretary Grant Shapps has pledged to change the law to force all
ferry operators using UK ports to pay staff the minimum wage.-BBC

 

 

 

Nigeria: Ensuring Railway Modernisation for Economic Sustainability

The country's ongoing railway modernisation project has the potential to
catalyse the economy and requires the federal government to fast-track its
completion with safety guarantees.

 

There is no doubt that the railway system remains the fulcrum of economic
development and prosperity of any economy. Its ability to stimulate
intra-trade and commerce, promote industrialisation and other economic
activities cannot be downplayed.

 

According to Proshare, Nigerian renowned financial information service hub,
the country's huge rail infrastructural deficit over the past 30 years had
been of concern, as "over-reliance on road haulage has also led to faster
dilapidation of roads, while the truck movement of cargoes is a major factor
behind the very high cost of cargo clearance from Nigeria's ports."

It added that the "topography of the country supports an efficient and
sustainable rail infrastructure; yet since the decline and obsolescence of
the rail infrastructure built during the colonial era, the Nigerian Railway
Corporation (NRC) has been largely moribund and ineffective, existing mainly
as a property leasing agency in respect of the landed property owned by the
corporation".

 

However, railway transportation has the capacity to contribute to solving
the country's growing unemployment challenges, empower the vulnerable
population and address the country's myriads of economic problems especially
in the areas of logistics in the movement of perishable farm produce,
cattle, and others as well as help resolve the incessant farmers-herders
clashes in the country.

Repositioning Rail Transport

 

It is in realisation of the opportunities in the railway system that the
federal government had continued to show its commitment to the
implementation of the 25-year strategic plan for the railway transport
subsector as a key component of the socio-economic transformation agenda.

 

If anything, the ongoing railway rehabilitation programme will boost
government revenues and enhance human capacity development, aid poverty
reduction, empower vulnerable Nigerians, support current efforts towards the
recovery and growth of the economy as well as help in resolving the knotty
security challenges confronting the country.

 

Improving Government's Revenue

 

Amidst the current fiscal challenges facing the government, rail
transportation could augment the federal government's revenue profile when
fully operational.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the NRC generated N2.1
billion as revenue from passengers and cargo between trains in the first and
second quarters of 2021.

 

Notably, revenues from passenger traffic stood at N1.08 billion in Q2 2021
compared to N892.47 million in Q1.

 

Also, Goods and cargo generated N71.56 million in Q2 compared to N26.19
million in Q1, while income from other receipts stood at N41 million in six
months.

 

Kaduna-Kano Rail Axis

 

Specifically, the Kaduna - Kano railway project still under construction is
part of the Nigerian Railway modernisation programme, being undertaken by
the renowned Chinese construction firm, China Civil Engineering Construction
Corporation (CCECC) Nigeria Limited as the major contractor.

 

With a total distance of about 200.11 kilometers from Kaduna to Kano, the
railway will provide a maximum speed of 150Km/per hour and is adapted to
Chinese standards.

 

The project constitutes the second phase of the Abuja -Kaduna railway
programme, which had now been completed and already under operation.

 

Project's significance

 

According to the CCECC Project Coordinator, Kaduna-Kano Rail, Madobi/Makarfi
Segment, Mr. Mark Xu, the railway programme will boost the local economy of
residents along the railway corridors as well as enhance the transportation
network from the Northern region to the Central region including the Federal
Capital Territory (FCT).

 

He said given the logistics challenges encountered by farmers in the
movement of their perishable produce from the North to South and other parts
of the country, the rail system will help convey commodities seamlessly to
preferred destinations without risks of wastage.

 

This is particularly positive for the country's agriculture given that
farmers often incur about 60 per cent of post-harvest losses annually.

 

In addition, Xu said, the Kaduna-Kano rail project will hasten the country's
industrilisation drive as the completion would enable integrated economic
development and offer facility for mass movement of goods and passengers.

 

He told THISDAY during a recent inspection tour of the sections of the rail
project that the benefits from the modernisation programme would largely be
felt by local citizens who hitherto lacked access to economic opportunities.

 

Already, the railway programme has created enormous opportunities and served
as tangible sources of livelihood to the vulnerable population as attested
to beneficiaries and community leaders.

 

Just mid-way into the project has provided over 2,800 locals with direct and
indirect employment.

 

Local Content Compliance

 

In line with the letters of the contract signed between the federal
government and the CCECC, the latter had ensured that all reinforcement
materials except for the rails and engines that cannot be accessed in the
country are sourced locally- a development that further boosts economic
activities in the regions as well as impact the countries Gross Domestic
Product (GDP).

 

The District Head of Madobi Community in Madobi Local Government Area, Kano
State, Alhaji Musa Saleh Kwankwaso, said the impact of the railway
construction to the community had been unprecedented, describing it as a
good development.

 

He pointed out that the ongoing project had improved both the economic and
security concerns of the people adding that as most farmers and cattle
rearers, the community would feel a lot of impact from the project.

 

He added that even though the construction was yet to be completed, it had
provided several employment opportunities for the locals.

 

Kwankwaso, therefore, made a plea to the federal government to make
available all resources needed to ensure the project is completed within the
stipulated contract period, adding that further delays could attract some
additional costs variation and result in lots of wastage and damage.

 

He said, "So I am appealing to the government to help complete the projects
on time so we the community will continue to benefit from the project. Even
now we have started benefitting talk more of when it is completed. "

 

In the same vein, the traditional ruler of Gimi-Gari Community under Makarfi
Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Abdullahi Ibrahim, expressed
gratitude to the federal government, the state government as well as the
company for the project that has continued to positively impact the economic
fortunes of the community.

 

He said, "We are very grateful, at least for now this project is benefitting
us greatly because as of now, some of our youths are positively engaged in
the construction activities. And I have seen a lot of people at my domain
selling and buying. This big project will not only help my community but
also the region."

 

Ibrahim similarly appealed to the federal government to provide more
security to the company as well as ensure that all the resources that may be
required to complete the laudable rail projects are made available on time.

 

Striving Amidst Insecurity

 

Instructively, the pleas by the communities to the federal government for
the provision of additional security, THISDAY gathered, came against the
backdrop of incessant attacks on some of the host and neighbouring
communities where the railway projects currently transverse.

 

There is no gainsaying the fact that the current security challenges have
slowed the progress of the rail project.

 

According to the Project Manager for Track Team at Site 4, Mr. Zhang Jian
Hang, whenever there are security issues or attacks by bandits in nearby
communities, some local employees refused to turn up for work for fear of
their safety, a situation, which often affected the progress of the
construction work.

 

CCECC Public Relations Officer (PRO), Kaduna -Kano Railway Project, Muhmamed
Aliyu, said the challenges of insecurity remained a source of worry for the
company.

 

He called on the federal government to pay maximum attention to the project
so as to ensure that it is completed without further delay, adding that the
completion would further reduce insecurity, as it would provide livelihood
to idle youths in the region.

 

Also, in view of the recent attacks on the railways, Aliyu further made a
recommendation to the government to ab initio consider making provisions for
the installation of integrated security surveillance systems into the
contract to make the railways safer for transporters.

 

Aliyu said, "Whenever you give a contractor a job and you want that job to
be done fast you, need to give attention to security and how to keep the
infrastructure out of danger."

 

Progress Despite Challenges

 

However, in the face of daunting security challenges, the CCECC said it has
continued to mobilize personnel; equipment and financing to ensure the work
progressed.

 

According to Xu, "We are not resting on our oars; we even tried to continue
to work harder despite the security and funding challenges. Though there are
funding gaps as contractors, we do our best to mobilise resources to make
sure the work doesn't stall.

 

"We still have enough capacity and strong confidence to complete this
project in due course with the support of the local communities and our
employer (federal government)."

 

He said the project remained the future of transportation in Nigeria as the
railway is not only for passenger transportation but also for cargo among
others.

 

He stated that, "Based on the land compensation progress, we start the work
from Markafi to Kano section including subgrade construction, track laying
base and beam plant since last year.

 

Even though the global chain supply is greatly impacted by both COVID-19 and
global energy shortage, we make great endeavuor to mobilise the equipment,
personnel as well as material storage for our project with the great support
by our employer (FMoT).

 

"Currently we have already dispatched over 1,700 equipment and machineries
to the site and employed over 3000 local staff from skilled labuor to senior
staff. Furthermore, we purchased a great portion of local content from local
community and market including cement, sand, gravel, reinforcement bar, etc.

 

"In addition, insecurity is on the rise around our construction site,
especially Kaduna area. However, we still mobilize and coordinate every
resource to focus on construction day and night by double shift.

 

"We highlight that we continue to focus on the construction itself and find
extra resources to improve our production at our utmost capacity even
insecurity, COVID-19 impact, loose global supply chain, and insufficient
funding."

 

Economy Benefits and Technology Transfer

 

Also, one of the inherent advantages of the railway modernisation programme
has been the transfer of technical know-how from the Chinese to the locals
in keeping to the letters of the contract. Through formidable partnerships
with the federal government, the company has sent hundreds of Nigerian
students abroad for capacity building in the railway system administration.

 

A civil engineer in the company, Abba Adamu Lawan, told THISDAY he was part
of the 45 students sent to China from ABU Zaria under a joint degree
programme in Railway Engineering. Another set of over 150 students was also
sponsored to China to study Railway and Engineering.

 

He said, "We went in 2018 and came back in 2020 and ever since I came back,
I was directly attached to the company. And since 2020, I have been with the
company.

 

"Apart from our own programme, the company also sponsored over 150 students
to start from 100-level and those students are to study Railway and
Engineering also.

 

"When they finish, they are expected to come and take over the
Transportation University currently being constructed in Daura right now and
the one that would be constructed in Rivers State."

 

Lawan added, "As it is, the company can finish their work and move to China
and leave us here with the project. We are good to go when it comes to
maintenance."

 

"I think railway has come to stay and with time we will get experts in
railway management."-This Day.

 

 

 

Nigeria: As Indonesia Bans Palm Oil Exports, Nigeria Unable to Seize
Lucrative Opportunity

Nigeria was once the world's largest palm oil producer but today, it
produces too little it imports.

 

Indonesia's surprise ban on palm oil exports offers Nigeria a lucrative
opportunity to plug the gap as international buyers scramble for
alternatives, but Nigeria is just unable to seize the moment in a market it
once dominated.

 

Palm oil, the most produced, consumed and traded edible oil in the world
followed by soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower seed oil, rallied this
week after Indonesia, the world's biggest exporter, said on Friday it will
ban all exports from April 28 to deal with rising domestic cost of edible
oil.

The unexpected announcement threatens to worsen global food inflation
already aggravated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Both countries produce
most of the world's sunflower oil.

 

Indonesia stepped back a bit on Tuesday, announcing that it will exclude
crude palm oil from the ban, while the shipment of refined palm oil called
RBD palm olein will continue.

 

In response to the latest news, palm oil futures for July delivery rose
seven per cent to 6,799 ringgit ($1,564) a tonne in Kuala Lumpur, the
highest since March 11, while the nearby May prices climbed more than nine
per cent to a record for the contract, according to Bloomberg.

 

Even with the partial pull back, the decision is bound to inflate prices
around the world, including in Nigeria, because palm oil is used in
thousands of products from food to personal care items. The prices of
packaged food such as biscuits, noodles, and cakes are expected to rise.

"It will affect Africa badly because we import a lot of palm oil from that
part of the world," said Billy Ghansah, agriculture coordinator at Okomu Oil
Palm Company. He said the export ban is too abrupt and will affect Africa
significantly.

 

But the ban and the turmoil it has generated in the international market has
exposed Nigeria's fragile dependence on oil imports and its glaring
inability to provide alternative supply to international buyers in a market
it once led.

 

In the early 1960s, Nigeria was the world's largest palm oil producer with a
global market share of 43 per cent. Today, it produces just 1.4 million
metric tonnes of palm oil, a dismal fraction of Indonesia's 44.5 million
metric tonnes as of 2021.

 

Nigeria is now a net importer of palm oil; it consumed 2 million metric
tonnes in 2021, leaving a deficit of 0.6 metric tonnes, according to the
United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) showed. Between 2012 and 2021,
Nigeria imported over 4.1 million metric tonnes of palm oil, the USDA data
showed

The decline in its palm oil output is a result of decades of neglect of the
sector in preference for crude oil.

 

Failed efforts and missed opportunity

 

>From 1975 to 2009, Nigeria was the second-largest recipient of World Bank
funding for palm oil investments with six projects. However, only one
project survived. Efforts by successive governments to revitalise the sector
have been unsuccessful.

 

After taking office in 2015, the Buhari administration introduced a ban on
the allocation of foreign exchange to importers of palm oil, as well as
other products, in an effort to encourage local production. The government
also taxed importers of crude palm oil 35 per cent duty.

 

In 2019, the government launched a $500 million plan to increase funding to
producers of oil palm through low interest loans, with the aim of raising
domestic output by 700 per cent by 2027.

 

The result has been relatively better but weak. Palm oil production rose
from 955,000 metric tonnes in 2015 to 990,000 metric tonnes in 2016, and 1
million metric tonnes in 2017. In 2018 and 2019, Nigeria's palm oil
production averaged to 1.1 million metric tonnes, and then it climbed to 1.2
million metric tonnes and 1.4 million metric tonnes in 2020 and 2021
respectively.

 

According to the Central Bank of Nigeria, if Nigeria had maintained its
market dominance in the palm oil industry, the country would have been
earning approximately $20 billion annually from cultivation and processing
of palm oil as of today. That's about half the 2022 federal budget.

 

Indonesia and Malaysia surpassed Nigeria as the world's largest palm oil
producers in 1966, and since then, both countries combined have yearly
delivered approximately 80 per cent of total global output of palm oil, with
Indonesia alone responsible for more than half.

 

While Nigeria is the largest producer of palm oil in Africa, Cote D'ivoire
is currently the largest exporter of the commodity from Africa. Nigeria is
the 28th highest palm oil-exporting country in Africa, according to the
USDA.

 

What are experts saying?

 

Mr Ghansah said he believed there is more to the ban, and that the ban may
not take effect immediately because some countries will pacify Indonesia to
reverse the policy.

 

"I believe when they get cooler heads there might be some changes in that
policy," he said.

 

Felix Nwabuko, the managing director of Presco Plc, said the ban will affect
many African countries that do not have as many palm plantations as Nigeria.

 

"All we will see in Nigeria and Africa will be shortages by the exclusion of
the quantities that should have come from Indonesia," he said. He said that
demand which has already outstripped supply will even outpace it the more.

 

Mr Ghansah said Nigeria has failed to push the oil palm agenda forward, and
there is no short term alternative to imports.

 

"I am very sure by this time, quite a lot of oil palm might have been
planted and it would make a lot of difference," he said. He said while some
progress has been made in Edo State, it is still not enough to cover the
existing oil palm gap in the country.

 

He said the expansion of oil palm production is an option Nigeria should
adopt immediately.

 

Mr Nwabuko agreed that Nigeria's oil palm gap is not one that can be filled
immediately. He said the Indonesia ban will exacerbate the gap.

 

He said the ban should reinforce the policies of the Nigerian government on
how to improve and expand the capacity of the country to produce more crude
palm oil.-Premium Times.

 

 

 

Kenya: Bayer East Africa Sets Aside Shs8.5 Million to Upgrade School
Structures in Baringo

Nairobi - Bayer East Africa has invested Sh 8.5 million towards the
renovation of school structures in Marigat, Baringo County marking a new
beginning for Perkerra Primary School which was started 47 years ago.

 

This is part of the company's Corporate Social Engagement commitment (CSE)
efforts to promote access to basic education for the poor, vulnerable and
needy children.

 

Most of the infrastructure in the school dates back to 1975, which has over
the years undermined learning activities in the school.

 

Anthony Maina, Head of Communications, and Bayer southeast Africa said the
firm is committed to contributing to a better and safer environment for all.

 

"By supporting Perkerra Primary School, we are enhancing the learning
environment and supporting access to quality basic education. We understand
that the success of any society is deeply rooted in education and
empowerment of young people and that the future of such is determined by the
role the young people today," he said

 

In addition, the firm has installed a fence around the school to provide the
pupils with the safety and comfort they need.

 

"I am happy to see how the renovations have been able to significantly
improve the learning environment. I would encourage the pupils to do their
best in their studies and more importantly to care of all that Bayer has
done for them," said Laurent Pierrer, Managing Director, Bayer East
Africa-Capital FM.

 

 

 

Liberia: NaFAA Takes Free Yamaha Engines, Fishing Nets Distribution to
Southeastern Liberia

Monrovia - The National Fisheries and Aquaculture Authority (NaFAA) has
disclosed the free distribution of Japanese Yamaha outboard engines and
thread nets to fishermen in Southeastern Liberia through their respective
Fisheries Cooperatives.

 

The four counties to benefit from the distribution of the fishing gears are
Maryland, Grand Kru, Sinoe and River Cess.

 

The exercise in the southeast follows the climax of distribution in other
coastal counties including Montserrado, Bomi, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Bassa
and Margibi.

 

The engines were donated to the Liberian government through NaFAA by the
Japanese government, while the nets are as a result of a grant from the
World Bank.

NaFAA's Deputy Director General for Technical Services, Mr. William Y. Boeh
will lead a team for the exercise which kicks off next week in Harper City,
Maryland County. The consignment is currently being taken to the Southeast.

 

Hon. Boeh said the distribution in the southeast will begin in Harper city,
Maryland County and later proceed to Grand Kru, Sinoe, and River Cess
Counties.

 

Mr. Boeh disclosed that NaFAA's technical team will spend three days in each
of the four counties to carry out the distribution exercise.

 

"The nets and outboard engines will be distributed to fishermen in the
southeast through their various fishery Cooperatives organized by the
National Fisheries and Aquaculture Authority, (NaFAA) with technical
assistance from the Cooperative Development Agency, CDA.

 

In a related development, the national training for the operations and
maintenance of the outboard engines will take place from the 30th of May to
June 3, 2022.

 

According to NaFAA's Deputy Director General for Technical Services, the
Japanese government is expected to send to the country a team of experts to
develop the capacity of fishermen in the effective operations and
maintenance of the machines.-FrontPageAfrica.

 

 

 

Liberia: Turks Were Deported in Exchange for Turkish Investments in Liberia,
New Details Reveal

Monrovia - New information reaching FrontPageAfrica reveal that the
deportation of the Turkish nationals at the Light International School was a
pre-condition set by Turkey president Recep Tayyip Erdogan for Turkish
investments in Liberia.

 

The deportation of the Turks happened just a month after President Weah
returned from Turkey where he and President Erdogan discussed wide-ranging
issues of multilateral and bilateral interests to both Liberia and Turkey
covering areas of global peace and security, the consolidation of diplomatic
ties, economic and security cooperation as well as education and business
links between both countries.

President Weah's visit to Turkey in March this year succeeded two informal
meetings he had had with President Erdogan in Lome, Togo, and Dakar,
Senegal.

 

The Executive Mansion reported that President Erdogan stressed the need for
the improvement in diplomatic relations between Liberia and Turkey through
the establishment of embassies in both Capitals.

 

"Liberia is very strategic and important and Turkey is keen to deepen our
relations with your country in many areas that will be of mutual benefits",
President Erdogan asserted.

 

He added, "We want to increase our investments and interests in Liberia
through the establishment of a joint commission that will explore areas of
mutual security, business, trade, and education".

 

President Weah welcomed the thoughts of Turkish investments in Liberia and
said the establishment of formal diplomatic missions between Monrovia and
Ankara which he said will lead to greater areas of cooperation between both
countries.

He said the current trend of Turkish Business investments in Liberia was
encouraging and called for an enhancement in economic ties between both
countries.

 

The Liberian Leader requested Turkey's Assistance in the areas of Security,
Infrastructure- including roads, housing, electricity, and education with an
emphasis on technical and vocational education and training for the many
unskilled youths of Liberia.

 

Liberian Delegation Off to Turkey Soon

 

FrontPageAfrica has seen a diplomatic note from Liberia's Ministry of
Foreign Affairs to its counterpart in Turkey announcing the visitation of a
16-man Liberian delegation to Turkey to continue the discussions initiated
by both Presidents and possibly consummate those discussions from April 30
to May 6.

 

The delegation, according to the diplomatic note, the discussions between
the Liberian delegation and the Turkish officials, include the opening of
embassies in both Ankara and Monrovia, adding Monrovia as a route to Turkish
Airlines; logistical support to the AFL and other security apparatus.

Others include the resumption of Turkish Cooperation and Development Agency
(TIKA) projects in Liberia with focus on infrastructures - road construction
and affordable housing units for the poor in rural and urban areas.

 

The delegation would also be negotiating provision of electricity,
establishment of Liberian Diplomacy Forum, construction of new building to
host Liberia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and direct budgetary support to
enable the Liberian government meet pressing national needs, among others.

 

The Erdogan government has since 2016 tried to get the Liberian government
to close down the Turkish-Liberia Light International School which is
believed to have links to Movement of Erdogan's exiled rival Fethullah
Gulen.

 

Gulen has been in exile in Pennsylvania, United States since 1999.

 

The political conflict between the AKP-ruled Turkish government and the
Gülen movement of Fethullah Gülen began in 2013.

 

With similarities in ideology, the AKP and the Gülen Movement have long
maintained an alliance, with the latter using their judicial influence to
limit opposition from Turkey's secular establishment to the AKP's religious
conservatism. Traditionally cosy relations between the AKP government and
the Gülen Movement turned sour in late 2013 after Gülen criticised the
government's response to the Gezi Park protests and their policy of closing
down Gülen's private "prep-schools".

 

The disagreement between the government and the movement escalated into a
skirmish, with then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accusing the Gülen
Movement of trying to bring down the government by using their influence
over the judiciary to cause a government corruption scandal (known as the
17-25 investigations due to the dates on which it occurred).

 

The government subsequently responded with large-scale reforms to the police
and judiciary forces to purge Gülen's sympathisers from their positions. The
conflict has been referred to as a coup attempt by pro-AKP commentators and
as a purge of judicial independence by critics.

 

Branding the movement as a 'parallel structure' and accusing Gülen of
setting up an 'armed terrorist group', the government's efforts to purge the
influence of the Gülen Movement has become a mainstream issue in Turkish
politics and has sparked nationwide concerns over judicial independence and
growing government authoritarianism in Turkey.

 

It can be recalled that in 2017, the Foreign Minister of Turkey, Mevlüt
Çavuşoğlu, during a one-day visit to Liberia said the school does not
represent the interests and aspirations of the Government and people of
Turkey. He, therefore, appealed to the Government of Liberia to remove the
management (at the time) of the school.

 

His call to the Liberian government came barely a year after the failed coup
in Turkey which was linked to the founder of the Light International School
in Liberia and schools in many other countries by the Turkish government.

 

Liberia's Foreign Minister at the time, Madam Marjon Kamara, said the
Government had no evidence or facts on the matter. As such, Government
committed to launch an investigation to determine the veracity of the
allegations levied against the school and its proprietors.

 

It came as a surprise to the local staff at the school how their foreign
counterparts were ransacked and flown out of the country.

 

Neither the Liberia Immigration Service nor the Ministry of Education were
aware of the deportation of the Turkish educators.

 

There has been no official statement from the Government of Liberia
regarding the deportation, but security sources say they were linked to
terrorism, terrorist financing, illegal acquisition of passports from
Azerbaijan and money laundering.

 

FrontPageAfrica has not been able to independently verify these allegations.

 

Those deported include: the principal and general manager, Roman Mamedov,
head of primary section, Mrs. Mamedov; English teacher and accountant, Elvin
Rahimov; Mrs. Rahimov; Moral Education Teacher and Vice President for
Administration Mehmet Simsek; Mrs. Ramazan. Ceray, Esma, a little girl in
6th grade and Enest, a boy in pre-primary section.-FrontPageAfrica.

 

 

 

Nigeria: Why We Closed Land Borders for 2 Years - Buhari

Abuja - PRESIDENT Muhammadu Buhari said yesterday that his government shut
the nation's borders to protect farmers. Buhari spoke as President of Africa
Development Bank, AfDB, Dr Akinwumi Adesina, disclosed that the bank has
earmarked $1.5 billion Africa Emergency Food Plan to cushion the effect of
Russia/Ukraine conflict expected to trigger global food crisis.

 

The President, who spoke at a meeting with the AfDB boss in his office in
the Presidential Villa, Abuja, explained that much had been achieved in
encouraging local farmers since the land borders were closed two years ago.
He, however, lauded the AfDB for planning ahead of whatever negative
consequences might come from the Russia-Ukraine conflict in terms of food
security.

"Thank you for knowing our weaknesses and our strengths, and for planning
and working ahead. "We are very much aware of the need for food security,
and to encourage our local farmers, that was why we closed our borders for
about two years to curb smuggling. We made some progress," the President
said.

 

The federal government has since reopened some of the land borders. In his
remarks, Adesina raised the alarm that there might be fertilizer crisis in
Africa which would cause about two million metric tons' deficit. He said
already, the price of wheat had gone up to about 60 per cent, while maize
and other grains would also be affected.

 

"Already, the price of wheat has gone up to about 60 per cent. Maize and
other grains will also be affected. There may be fertilizer crisis, as there
would be about two million metric tons deficit. And that will affect food
production by about 20 per cent. Africa will lose $11 billion worth of food,
and coming shortly after COVID-19, that would be rather serious." "To
prepare against the evil day, Dr Adesina said "the AfDB had developed a $1.5
billion Africa Emergency Food Plan, which is now before the bank's Board for
approval."

 

He further said, "We were not ready for COVID-19, but we are now planning to
avert food crisis on the continent. There is plan to help farmers cultivate
wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, and soybeans. It will mitigate the impact of
the Russia-Ukraine war," Adesina said.

 

Talking specifically of Nigeria, the AfDB president and a former Minister of
Agriculture in Nigeria, said in the wet season of 2022, at least five
million smallholder farmers would be helped to cultivate one million
hectares of maize, one million hectares of rice, and 250,000 hectares of
sorghum and soybeans, respectively.

 

He added: "In total, our support will help Nigeria to produce 9.5 million
metric tons of food." According to him, states that will benefit from the
assistance include Kano, Ogun, Oyo, Kaduna, Imo, Cross River, and the
Federal Capital Territory.-Vanguard.

 

 

 

Asian stocks stumble, dollar at pandemic high on global growth fears

(Reuters) - Most Asian stock indices fell on Wednesday, as growing fears
over the global economy drove investors to dump riskier assets in favour of
safe havens such as the U.S. dollar and government bonds.

 

Financial markets are grappling with multiple risks, including the prospects
for aggressive U.S. interest rate hikes, a sharp slowdown in China, surging
inflation, and the war in Ukraine.

 

European markets looked set to follow Asia lower. In early trade, the
pan-region Euro Stoxx 50 futures slipped 0.38% to 3,641. FTSE futures dipped
0.12% to 7,351.

 

News that Russia had briefly cut gas supplies to Poland deepened worries,
sending the MSCI world equity index (.MIWD00000PUS) slumping to a 13-month
low.

 

There was little let-up in the selling in Asia, with MSCI's broadest index
of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan (.MIAPJ0000PUS) down 0.76% to its
lowest level since March 15. Tokyo's Nikkei (.N225) was down by 1.4%.

 

Australian shares

 

Battered Chinese stocks (.CSI300) bucked the trend, gaining 1.14% as
sentiment got a short-term boost from data showing profits at industrial
firms grew at a faster pace in March from a year earlier. read more

 

China stocks fell to their lowest in two years on Tuesday on fears that
persistent COVID-19 lockdowns would weigh heavily on its economic activity
and disrupt global supply chains. read more

 

Analysts pointed to an overall "loss in confidence" that investors were
feeling towards the Chinese government, saying more "tangible measures are
needed to support the market and the economy".

 

"Once there's a way back to normalcy out of these lockdowns, then
potentially we could see a large stimulus that would allow for consumers to
come back with a vengeance and that's when we'll see investors regain
confidence," said Jim McCafferty, managing director for Asia-Pacific equity
research at Nomura.

 

Russia, which has been demanding payments for its gas in roubles as
sanctions over its invasion of Ukraine bite, said it will halt supplies to
Poland and Bulgaria from Wednesday. read more

 

The move, viewed as a major escalation, sent oil and gas prices higher.
Brent crude futures rose 0.3% to $105.31 a barrel by 0451 GMT. U.S. West
Texas Intermediate crude futures were up 0.2% at $101.80. read more

 

The dollar stood at 102.39 against a basket of rival currencies, its
strongest level since March 2020, while gold dipped 0.46% to $1,896.76.

 

Safety flows have also supported the yen , which lifted away from recent
lows to a one-week high of 126.96 and overnight enjoyed its best day on the
struggling British pound in more than two years .

 

Analysts say markets are worried that an expected streak of rate hikes by
the U.S. Federal Reserve could hurt growth just when many economies have
started to recover from the pandemic-driven slumps.

 

Investors have also been fretting about volatile commodity prices because of
the Russia-Ukraine war, with the International Monetary Fund warning this
week about stagflationary risks in Asia. read more

 

The overnight sell-off on Wall Street underlined investor anxiety about the
hit to earnings, with the Nasdaq down 4%, its lowest since late 2020.

 

After the market close, Google's parent Alphabet Inc (GOOGL.O) reported its
first quarterly revenue miss of the pandemic and was down about 3%.
Microsoft Corp (MSFT.O) fell 4% ahead of its results but recovered once it
forecast double-digit revenue growth next year. read more

 

Nasdaq futures were up 0.33%.

 

Yields on the benchmark 10-year Treasury notes were up slightly at 2.7704%.

 

 

 

Australia banks pull forward hike calls after inflation surprise

(Reuters) - Two of Australia's big four banks expect the benchmark cash rate
will rise next week and a third sees increased risk of a hike after a
surprisingly strong inflation reading on Wednesday.

 

National Australia Bank (NAB.AX) and ANZ Bank (ANZ.AX) pulled forward their
lift-off forecasts from June to May and expect the Reserve Bank of Australia
(RBA) will raise its benchmark cash rate 15 basis points on Tuesday.

 

"Inflation pressures have momentum and have broadened. A cash rate target of
0.1% is inappropriate against this backdrop," ANZ analysts said in a note.
"We don't think the RBA needs to wait for more data on wages."

 

Data published on Wednesday showed inflation hit a two-decade high last
quarter with annual core inflation at 3.7% and above the RBA's target band
of 2-3%. read more

 

The Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA.AX) said a cash rate hike was "a
clear risk" but stopped short of shifting its forecast for a June hike.

 

Westpac (WBC.AX) chief economist Bill Evans repeated last week's forecast
for a 40 bp hike in June during a podcast recorded after the release of
inflation data.

 

Swap-markets, which have consistently been more aggressive than analysts and
the RBA, showed bets on a 15 bp hike firmed from about even to pricing about
a 90% chance the benchmark cash rate is lifted from a record-low 0.1% to
0.35%.

 

 

 

India's decision to list LIC was based on strong market demand -official

(Reuters) - India's decided to go ahead with state-run Life Insurance Corp's
(LIC) initial public offering (IPO) in May due to strong market demand and a
"solid" anchor investor base, a top finance ministry official said on
Wednesday.

 

India expects to raise up to $2.74 billion from selling a 3.5% stake in
LIC's IPO, just a third of its original target, and is set to open on May 2
for anchor investors.

 

For subscription the issue will open on May 4 and close on May 9. read more

 

Tuhin Kanta Pandey, secretary at the department of investment and public
asset management, said the size of the LIC IPO is "optimal" in current
market conditions. The government had originally planned to sell a 5% stake
in the company.- Reuters.com

 

 

 


 


 


Invest Wisely!

Bulls n Bears 

 

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INVESTORS DIARY 2022

 


Company

Event

Venue

Date & Time

 


 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 


Companies under Cautionary

 

 

 


 

 

 

 


ART

PPC

 

 


Starafrica

Fidelity

Turnall

 


Medtech

Zimre

Nampak Zimbabwe

 


 

 

 

 


 <mailto:info at bulls.co.zw> 

 


 

 


DISCLAIMER: This report has been prepared by Bulls 'n Bears, a division of
Faith Capital (Pvt) Ltd for general information purposes only and does not
constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or
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been compiled from sources believed to be reliable, but no representation or
warranty is made or guarantee given as to its accuracy or completeness. All
opinions expressed and recommendations made are subject to change without
notice. Securities or financial instruments mentioned herein may not be
suitable for all investors. Securities of emerging and mid-size growth
companies typically involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than
the securities of more established companies. Neither Faith Capital nor any
other member of Bulls 'n Bears nor any other person, accepts any liability
whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this report or its
contents or otherwise arising in connection therewith. Recipients of this
report shall be solely responsible for making their own independent
investigation into the business, financial condition and future prospects of
any companies referred to in this report. Other  Indices quoted herein are
for guideline purposes only and sourced from third parties.

 


 

 


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