Major International Business Headlines Brief::: 27 November 2023
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Major International Business Headlines Brief::: 27 November 2023
ü Tanzania: How Tanzania Can Reduce Petrol-Import Dependency
ü Nigeria: Dilapidated Power Plants, Erratic Supply Stunt Nigeria's Economy
ü Egypt: Canadian Lotus to Explore Gold in Egypt's Desert
ü Nigeria Among Africa's Best for Partnership With Young Entrepreneurs - French Minister
ü Rwanda: RDB Calls for Investors to Build Luxury Hotel on Mount Rebero
ü Ethiopia: Exploring Potentials to Boost Wheat Production, Productivity
ü East Africa: Kenya, Uganda Hailed for Availing Additional Funding to Aid Crafting of EAC Confederation
ü Kenya: FKE Says 70,000 Formal Jobs Lost Since October 2022
ü Uganda: Are Tech Giants Exploiting Ugandans?
ü Kenya: President Ruto Announces Plan to Privatise 35 Companies
ü Zhongzhi Enterprise Group: China investigates major shadow bank for 'crimes'
ü Sunak welcomes foreign firms' £29.5bn 'vote of confidence'
ü Somalia joins East African Community
ü Carnival UK withdraws 'fire-and-rehire' threat
ü John Lewis to offer health checks to customers
<https://www.cloverleaf.co.zw/> Tanzania: How Tanzania Can Reduce Petrol-Import Dependency
India — INDIA: INDIAN top players in the energy sector have argued that Tanzania can also reduce fuel import bills like India if it turns to producing ethanol from sugarcane or agricultural residues.
The ethanol will reduce the amount of importation by blending it with petrol.
They said this would be complimenting the already available Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) from Mtwara Region.
The agricultural residues include rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk and corn stover, which are mostly left on the fields after harvests and used for fodder and landfill material or burnt in many places.
Speaking to Tanzanian journalists on their study tour here in Pune City, heads of different oil companies also offered possibilities of Tanzania to replace fossil fuels with cleaner fuels.
Praj Industries Limited Assistant Vice-President, Tushar Patil said Tanzania has biofuel potentials in agriculture through cassava and sugarcane, which are abundantly grown in the country.
Praj Industries is the global bioethanol technology and engineering company operating in more than 70 countries and in Africa, they have more than 50 projects in biofuel.
"To produce biofuels, robust supply chain development with the help of a policy framework is needed," he said.
He argued that if a strong policy framework is there to put in place good ecosystem, the foreign investments can take place.
He noted that their company was ready to share knowledge with developing countries, including Tanzania.
According to him, biofuels production can also benefit rural areas through employment and introducing carbon footprints that address climate change.
Further, it reduces imports, saves forex and most importantly, increases farmers income.
According to him, the Indian government endorsed a National Policy on Biofuels in 2018, which, among others seeks to achieve a target of 20 per cent blending of ethanol in petrol by the year 2025-26.
"Tanzania has similar conditions to India for having agriculture potentials to offer feedstock for ethanol production," he said.
On his part, Praj Head, Business Development, Africa, Makarand Joshi, said following the decision to blend ethanol with petrol, currently India saves $6.7 billion annually because of reduced petrol importation.
Mr Joshi said for Tanzania, which also has sugar factories can produce ethanol from molasses as feedstock.
Molasses is thick, dark brown liquid that is produced during the process of making sugar.
"Cassava could be another potential crop for Tanzania to produce ethanol because the country produces between 8-10 million tonnes annually, and it is a perishable commodity unless assured of offtake from farmers," he pointed out.
He argued that this will also develop the value chain for cassava.
On his part, Mr Anurag Saraogi, Chief General Manager (Bio Fuels), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), advised Tanzania to increase sugar production so as to produce enough molasses for ethanol production.
"As far as grain is concerned, the country will have to decide based on food-fuel factor. In India, we have been able to use surplus grain produced," he said as he gave alternatives of the use of agricultural straw.
-Daily News.
Nigeria: Dilapidated Power Plants, Erratic Supply Stunt Nigeria's Economy
Erratic electricity supply and frequent power cuts are partly responsible for the sluggish growth of Nigeria's economy, Daily Trust on Sunday can report.
Abiodun Alade (Lagos), Salim Umar Ibrahim (Kano), Iniabasi Umo (Uyo), Usman A. Bello (Benin) & Eyo Charles (Calabar)
Despite boasting of 28 private and government-owned power generation plants, Nigeria has a low power generation, transmission and distribution capacity of about 5,625MW, 8,500MW, and 8,425MW respectively, which are said to be inadequate to achieve industrial revolution in the country.
This has compelled millions of households and businesses to rely on generators to power their homes and businesses, putting pressure on their meagre salaries and profits as fuel prices have tripled since the petrol subsidy was removed by President Bola Tinubu in May.
The Energy Commission of Nigeria has estimated that individuals and businesses spend $22 billion annually to fuel generators. It is said that the collective capacity of the 22 million generators in Nigeria (~42 GW) is eight times the capacity of the national grid (~5.4 GW).
The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission, in its 2022 Electricity Market Competition Report, observed that Nigeria's available power generation capacity plunged by 2,324 megawatts due to deteriorating plants/units' capacities and poor maintenance caused by liquidity challenges, among others
"The installed capacity in NESI (Nigeria Electricity Supply Industry) grew by 7.95 per cent, from 12,132MW as of December 2015 to 13,097MW as at December 2022.
"During the same period, however, the average available capacity decreased by 2,324MW, from 6,401MW recorded in 2015 to 4,059MW in 2022.
"This is due to deteriorating plants/units' capacities, poor maintenance due to liquidity challenge and access to forex (foreign exchange), non-binding contracts and delay payment, and introduction of stringent regulatory measures against wrong declaration," it said.
In this second part on the state of power plants in the country, Daily Trust on Sunday observes that the situation in Kano and southern Nigeria are not different from the sorry state reported in northern Nigeria in the first part of the series as power plants continue to perform below their capacities despite the huge investment made by the governments (federal and states).
For instance, these eight plants - Calabar (563MW), Omotosho (500 MW), Sapele (450 MW), Alaoji (960 MW), Ihovbor (450 MW), Gbarain (225 MW), Geregu (434 MW) and Olorunsogo (675 MW) have a total contract capacity of 4,257 MW and tested capacity of 1,762 MW. However, data from the Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading PLC (NBET) showed an average generation of these plants is a paltry 11% of net contract capacity and about 27% of tested capacity as at 2021.
10 years after, Kano's 10mw hydro power plant dallies
Ten years after the commencement of the construction of the 10 megawatts independent power plant by the Kano state government, the project, which has become the darling of subsequent administrations, is yet to commence full operation.
In a recent visit to the facility located at Tiga Dam, findings revealed that the power plant had been fully installed and is currently undergoing tests of the different machines in the facility.
>From the engine room to the tunnels up to the control room, the entire aspect, made up the power plant, has been completed.
The idea of the Tiga Independent Power Plant project, managed by the Kano Hydro and Energy Development Company (KHEDCO), was conceived in 2002 during the first tenure of former Governor Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso.
It was, however, stagnated until his second tenure in 2013 when another independent power project, situated at the Challawa Gorge Dam, was also conceived. Both were initially expected to generate 35 megawatts of electricity at the cost of N14 billion.
Daily Trust on Sunday reports that former Governor Abdullahi Umar Ganduje-led administration was said to have reviewed the proposed megawatts from 35 to 13.2 following pressure to save the federal government's irrigation projects at the dams.
Although at the foundation laying of the power plants, Kwankwaso said they would be financed without any loan, Daily Trust on Sunday reports that in 2017, Ganduje announced that the state government took a N10bn soft loan from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to enable it to complete the projects in September 2017. Yet it was not completed.
The projects suffered many delays in 2018 and 2019 despite the governor's promises to deliver them.
In October 2020, the KHEDCO announced that the construction work on the Tiga Hydroelectric Power Station had reached 95 per cent completion.
In 2022, the state government announced the completion of the 10 MW HydroPower Station, adding that it was awaiting certification from the Nigerian Electricity Management Services Agency (NEMSA). However, months later, the project is yet to be put to use.
The project, when it comes into operation, is expected to provide job opportunities for youths as well as boost small scale businesses in the commercial city.
Power generated from the station is expected to be used for the State's Tamburawa Water Treatment Plant, ensuring the availability of clean drinking water in the state, thus reducing water-borne diseases; as well as to power streetlights in the region.
Water supply is a luxury in many parts of Kano state forcing the close to 15 million residents across the 44 LGAs of the state to seek alternative means including wells, boreholes, truck pushers, rivers and streams which are not always hygienic.
According to official data, between 2003 and 2008, the state government spent over $58m to construct the 150m-litre capacity water treatment plant in Tamburawa and another 180m-litre daily capacity plant in Challawa.
However, Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf-led administration recently got the approval of the Kano State House of Assembly to access a loan of N4 billion from CBN for the completion of the Tiga and Challawa Hydro-electric power project.
The loan was approved a few days after the House passed the N58 billion 2023 supplementary budget.
The Managing Director, KHEDCO, Ado Ibrahim Umar, refused to comment on the projects after keeping our reporters waiting in his office for hours.
Ibom Power Plant underutilized
Ibom Power Plant, which is owned and operated by the Akwa Ibom State Government, is said to be under-utilised because it cannot distribute the power it is generating without sending it to the National grid for onward distribution across the country.
According to the Manager, Ibom Power Plant, Mr Aniefiok Sunday, the plant has been operating in the past 10 years without any fatality.
"We have been running Ibom Power plant for the past 10 years without any fatality. The main challenge that we have in operations is the transmission line.
"Most times, several trips that we have are through transmission lines, either the Alogi line cut conductor by Itu line or Uyo-Itu. Each trip that we have is equivalent to 10 normal shut down and this is affecting our unit.
"The second challenge is the distribution because we are on high landing mode operations. We discover that maybe in this state, we take out 90 megawatts but what the distribution would be taking is maximum 24 watts, and anything below 70 megawatts has an effect on the turbine hardwares.
"We have made some reports on that several times but there is no response to that effect. Another challenge is the gas take up contract, whether we are taking the gas or not, we are still paying," he stated.
To tackle this problem, the Akwa Ibom State Government applied for and got an electricity distribution licence, known as Ibom Utility company, from the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC).
The licence would enable Ibom Utility company to operate as an independent electricity distribution network to distribute electricity in selected locations in the state.
NERC also approved the application for an amendment of the on-grid electricity generating licence to enable Ibom Power Company Ltd embed into the distribution network of Ibom Utility Company Limited.
During Governor Umo Eno's recent familiarisation tour of Ibom Power plant, he called on a comprehensive audit report on the facility to ascertain the challenges, and how to tackle them.
He mentioned that the Ministry of Power, Board and Management of Ibom Power and Savannah Energy have agreed to proffer solutions to issues affecting the efficiency of the company which would reposition the company and make it run optimally.
"When there is progress in the management of the company, electricity will be more stable, then we have the grasp of what is happening in the company," he stated.
The Akwa Ibom State Government's investment so far in the power sector include a newly built 33/11KV, 2 X 15MVA injection sub-station in Uyo, the state capital. A 33/11KV, 2 X 15MVA substation to provide dedicated grid power supply to the state-owned Victor Attah International Airport with a dedicated 33kv line from Ibom Tropicana Entertainment Centre.
The commissioning of a 132/33KV, 1 x 60MVA transformer at Afaha Ube in Uyo which increased the state's available power for distribution from 96megawatts to 144megawatts.
Others are a 132/33KV, 2 x 60MVA transmission substation at Ekim in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area, and another 132/33KV, 1 x 60MVA Ekim substation commissioned by former Vice President, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo.
The substation, which receives power from the state owned Ibom Power Plant, has 33kv dedicated lines to Onna industrial hub, where Jubilee Syringe factory, King Flour Mills, Metering Solutions Manufacturing Services and the Plywood industry are located.
It also provides steady power supply to Akwa Ibom State University and the five local government areas of Onna, Mkpat Enin, Ikot Abasi, Eastern Obolo and Oruk Anam.
The Akwa Ibom state government has also secured a 30MVA transformer for the proposed construction of the Ikot Abasi substation
Azura Edo power plant fails to solve poor supply in Benin, others
The Azura Edo power plant, which construction started in January 2016 and started operation in May 2018, has failed to ensure steady power supply in Edo state, Daily Trust on Sunday learnt.
Residents said the power situation across the state has not improved, as businesses are folding up on a daily basis on account of epileptic power supply.
A businessman, who gave his name only as Eze, said with the electricity situation in the state, one can't say Azura power plant is viable.
"Businesses are folding up because of no electricity and petrol and diesel are too costly. So many people have shut down their businesses," he said.
Head, Corporate Affairs, Azura-Edo Power Plant, Murtala Bello, however, told Daily Trust on Sunday, that the facility is very viable.
"We make available the full capacity of the plant everyday as we don't have any challenges be it with the plant or with gas supply. In fact, TCN and the National Control Centre NCC will tell you that Azura is the plant that they trust and rely on at all times to ensure the stability of the grid. This is because our primary frequency influencer (PFI) is mostly on to help NCC regulate the grid frequency and ensure stability," he said.
According to him, the plant contributes about 10 percent of the power on the grid on any given day.
"This is because the grid has been performing at an average of 4000 MW so our contribution always revolves between eight and 13 percent".
While explaining that there is no issue with the Azura-Edo power plant, he hinted at forex challenges in replacing outdated components.
"All the issues are commercial which every generating company is facing namely, the inability of the distribution companies to remit the full amount of their invoice monthly thereby making it impossible for the Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Plc (NBET) to pay GENCOs fully every month," he said
He, however, added that the development coupled with the forex challenges in the country "makes it impossible to buy parts for the maintenance of the plants."
Ekiti tests run 3.5 MW power plant
Meanwhile the Ekiti State Independent Power Plant recently commenced operations with a successful test run.
The IPP was tested successfully for two weeks, distributing 700 kW out of the total 3.5 megawatt capacity, leaving room for expansion.
The IPP project, which was initiated by the previous administration of Dr Kayode Fayemi and completed by the current governor, Biodun Oyebanji, is aimed at addressing the shortage of electricity supply in the state and reducing sole dependence on the national grid for electricity generation.
The power generation concept, under PPP, involves an electricity generation firm, Fen-Church Power Nigeria Ltd, building the power plants and generating electricity sold to the state for consumption. Private entities can participate on a willing buyer, willing seller basis.
The independent power arrangement will guarantee power supply to essential public facilities, including the Ekiti State Teaching Hospital, Ekiti State University, identified primary and secondary healthcare centers, streetlights along major roads & booster stations, among others.
The IPP offers 24-hour uninterrupted power supply, making it a reliable source of electricity for individuals & organizations. The project includes underground distribution networks, substations, Ring Main Units (RMUs), and multiple generating sets, with room for further expansion.
"The project aims to promote industrialization, socio-economic development, and good governance in the state while reducing costs and environmental pollution by replacing generators for public facilities," noted the state government.
Improved electricity supply in Cross River
In Cross River state, residents said the FG-owned power plant in Ikot Nyong in Odukpani local government area has improved power supply in Calabar metropolis.
The state government also constructed a 27mw power plant in Adiabo community, near Tinapa, and another 23mw power plant at the parliamentary extension in the Calabar Municipality to complement the federal government's effort to boost power supply in the state.
Residents of Odukpani LGA, Calabar Municipality and Calabar South LGA said power generation from the plant has been steady in the last few years.
Attesting to this, a journalist Emmanuel Unah said, "I can attest to this fact that the Odukpani power plant built by the federal government has been supplying power to all parts of the Calabar metropolis. The plant was also meant to distribute the power to parts of Akwa Ibom State closer to Odukpani. The plant is viable.
"However, the only snag about them is the sources of steady supply of gas to sustain power distributions to these places. I am aware that gas to power the plant was to come from Akwa Ibom State. I am not very sure now how they have resolved this."
Elumelu bemoans lack of gas to operate power plants
The chairman of one of the privately-owned power plants in the country, Transcorp Power Limited, Tony Elumelu, said it was "ironic" that Nigeria has abundant gas resources but cannot optimally operate its power plants due to lack of gas
"I have seen the beginnings of what we can do. Let me give you an example: The TransAfamPower Plant that belongs to Transcorp Group has an installed capacity of 1,000 megawatts. The Federal Government of Nigeria made significant investment to acquire 240 megawatts fast power turbines from General Electric (GE)
"For context, 240 megawatts of electricity can power about one million homes in Nigeria.
"Yet GE has threatened to pull out of the project, because our nation - with some of the largest gas reserves globally, could not provide 65mm scuffs of gas needed for the comprehensive testing of the installed fast power plant.
"We have idle gas fields and there is so much private capital to make the needed investments for gas production. Yet, we cannot produce gas to power our economy and 21st Century industrialisation. Thanks to a short-sighted regulatory regime and self-serving policies that keep our people permanently in the dark. This has to change," he said during his address at the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) annual general conference.
4,000mw can't grow our economy - Minister
The Minister of Power, Adebayo Adelabu, recently bemoaned Nigeria's electricity transmission and distribution capacity, which he said has remained stagnant at about 4,000MW for several years. Describing it as not only shameful and unacceptable, Adelabu, who spoke in Abuja, said it is insufficient to grow the economy.
He further pointed out that countries that had grown significantly were those who identified electricity as the engine of growth
He said: "For example, South Korea, with a 49 million population, generates and distributes 130,000 megawatts of power. So companies like Daewoo, Hyundai, LG and others are now giants of industry, having grown from one-shop companies that they were in the 1960s.
"Secondly, China with a 1.4 billion population generates and distributes 1.3 million megawatts of electricity.
"So when we say we are over 200 million people and what we generate and distribute on our national grid is just 4,000 megawatts, it is shameful; it is not acceptable. We must achieve better results".
The minister at an earlier forum in Lagos, said that Nigeria's insufficient power generation was caused by outdated power plants, underinvestment in new generation infrastructure, and over-reliance on fossil fuels such as gas/steam and diesel, among others.
He said Nigeria would require investments worth about $262 billion to be able to achieve its ambitious target of expanding electricity generation capacity to about 30,000 megawatts (MW) by 2030.
-Daily Trust.
Egypt: Canadian Lotus to Explore Gold in Egypt's Desert
The Egyptian Mineral Resources Authority (EMRA) signed an agreement with Canadian Lotus Gold Corporation for exploration concessions on 525 square kilometres with $2.5 million in investments, according to a ministerial statement on Sunday.
Lotus won two rounds of a gold exploration tender by the EMRA in 2020 and 2021 for exploration concessions in a total area of 1,219 square kilometres for the first round.
The second round of the tender covers 525 square kilometres, which is subject to the recent agreement with the EMRA.
Lotus Gold Corporation is a private Canadian gold exploration and development company, focused on the Egyptian Eastern Desert. Its interests include 10 blocks and a leading in-country land package of 1,740 square kilometres within the highly prospective Arabian-Nubian shield, according to the company's website.
Egypt is localizing a sustainable mining industry with modern technology in partnership with purposeful entities, said Minister of Petroleum Tarek El-Molla on the sidelines of the signing ceremony.
The country's gold production amounts to about 15.8 tons per year, most of which comes from Sukari in the Eastern Desert, according to a report by the World Gold Council.
Egyptian gold exports grew by 45 percent to reach $1.633 billion in 2022, up from $1.126 billion in 2021, according to Egypt's General Organization for Export and Import Control.
Egypt is home to about 270 gold sites, including 120 sites and mines from which gold was extracted in ancient times, including the Sukari mine, the largest and most famous in the country.
In the second half of 2023, the government launched new tenders for mining gold and precious metals in the country.
In August, state-owned Shalateen Mineral Resources Company (SMRC) extended its bid round for the exploration and exploitation of gold in the Eastern Desert for another three months, with the new deadline on 9 November.
-Egypt Online.
Nigeria Among Africa's Best for Partnership With Young Entrepreneurs - French Minister
The French Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade, Economic Attractiveness and French Nationals Abroad, Mr Olivier Becht has described Nigeria as one of the most attractive countries on the African continent for partnerships with young entrepreneurs.
The minister who visited Nigeria last week for the 10th anniversary celebration of The French Tech Mission in the country said for this reason it was important for the The French Tech and Ecosystem to be present in the country to partner with young start-ups who they support with funding.
The minister participated in a panel organized by the French Tech Lagos aimed at bringing together key players from the French and Nigerian tech ecosystems to network, share ideas and explore new opportunities for collaboration and investments.
According to Mr. Becht, "Nigeria is one of the most attractive countries on the continent of Africa for partnership with young start-ups and so it is important that the French Tech and Ecosystem is present here".
While underlining the achievement of the French Tech Mission this last decade, the minister pointed out the commitment of France to support the Nigerian digital ecosystem, notably through the French Agency for Development (AFD) 100m euro contribution to the Nigerian I-Dice programme which contributes to the development of digital and creative enterprises.
He stressed that France wants to attract but also cooperate with the best international talents in tech, of which Nigeria is part of.
Some of the Nigerian start-ups that have benefitted from the collaboration are Patrick Agese of PamAfrica and Jane Ekeh of Gas360 who participated in the panel to share their experiences.
The French Tech Mission, he said, is responsible for supporting the structuring and growth of French start-up ecosystem in France and all other countries of the world.
Meanwhile, during his visit, the minister mey with the management team of a French subsidiary, Engie Energy Access Nigeria during which they discussed investment opportunities, strategic partnerships and initiatives to strengthen economic ties between France and Nigeria in the solar energy industry.
He commended Engie Energy Access for its commitment to sustainable
development and efforts to bring clean and affordable energy to Nigerian communities.
One of Engie Energy Access's achievements in Nigeria, include the inauguration of its first minigrid in Niger State, providing electricity to over 1,500 people.
-Vanguard.
Rwanda: RDB Calls for Investors to Build Luxury Hotel on Mount Rebero
The CEO of Rwanda Development Board (RDB), Francis Gatare, has called upon investors to build a multi-star hotel on Mount Rebero in Kigali City.
He made the case for the luxury hotel, on November 25, 2023, after participating in Umuganda where 1,000 trees were planted on the hill in partnership with youth and Global Citizen--an organisation dedicated to eradicating extreme poverty.
Mount Rebero is an enchanting area that has undergone a breathtaking transformation, emerging as an engaging and sought-after destination for Rwandan citizens and expats alike.
The hill is known for the Canal Olympia cinema, the exquisite Rebero Resort, the acclaimed 1000 Hills Distillery, and the enchanting Heaven Garden.
Mount Rebero also accommodates Kigali Cultural Village, a hub for entertainment and lifestyle activities, an open concert area, and an escape games facility. The modern cinema hall can accommodate 300 people and is powered by solar panels and an open-air stage that has the capacity to host up to 20,000 people.
"Mount Rebero is a big quiet place with a soft breeze. The recreational space has infrastructure such as roads and water. We want more open spaces like Mount Rebero and Nyandungu Eco-tourism Park. That is why we are urging investors to build a hotel that can accommodate visitors," he said.
The site also hosts Agaseke which serves as a cultural centre aimed at promoting Made in Rwanda products and cultural events hosting artisans making different products and souvenirs. Agaseke has a room where brides can get essential advice before starting a new path of marriage.
"There is a need for continuous efforts to beautify the hill to promote tourism and hospitality. Investors should tap into available opportunities to generate revenue. There are anticipated projects such as hotels and restaurants. The master plan shows the needed projects," added Gatare.
Minister of Environment, Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya said that greening Mount Rebero by planting trees is part of an ongoing campaign to plant 63 million trees across the country.
The country will plant 4.9 million fruit trees, 6.7 million ornamental trees, 273, 590 bamboo trees, 34.2 million agro-forestry, and 16.5 million trees in general for different uses.
"The trees are needed on Mount Rebero because there is also cultural tourism. We need to create more recreational zones like Rebero," she said.
At least 6 per cent of the City of Kigali has been set aside for recreational spaces in the new master plan.
City of Kigali mayor, Pudence Rubingisa, said that native and ornamental trees were planted on Mount Rebero to make it more recreational.
The mayor announced that during Saturday's Umuganda, 35,000 trees were planted across the city.
The community work to plant the trees was also attended by Global Citizen guests who are in Rwanda for the Move Afrika campaign ahead of a major concert slated for December 6, 2023.
Liz Agbor-Tabi, the Vice President of Global Citizen said: "We participated in Umuganda to advance campaigns and advocacy to protect the planet and its inhabitants. The trees we planted will help to fight the effects of climate change that people in the community are facing." She commended Rwanda for promoting eco-tourism.
-New Times.
Ethiopia: Exploring Potentials to Boost Wheat Production, Productivity
Years have passed since Ethiopia began exerting maximum effort on wheat development with the initiation of its Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (Ph.D). As a result of attention paid to the initiation, currently it could cultivate wheat not only in the main rainy season (June to August) but also in the summer season through irrigation.
Indeed, it is essential to focus on this crop as it is the input for various food items including bread, cakes, cookies, pasta, macaroni, porridge and others which are easy and quick to prepare. It is the main dish for all families not only in Ethiopia but also elsewhere across the globe.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, one million hectares of land have been covered with seeds for summer irrigated wheat cultivation this fiscal year. State Minister of Agriculture Meles Mekonen (Ph.D) disclosed that as Ethiopia is very suitable for wheat production, it is working to make it effective by carrying out wheat cultivation in three rounds a year. So far, more than one million hectares of land has been covered with seeds through summer irrigation wheat cultivation.
He explained that more efforts are being made to increase wheat production and productivity this year. It is planned to harvest 147 million quintals by covering three million hectares of land with wheat crops this year through irrigation alone.
Earlier, since there was a huge gap between wheat production and supply due to the increasing demand associated with the surge in urban population, wheat importation was mandatory to fill the gap. The State Minister said that the country used to spend no less than one billion US dollars annually to import wheat. Recently however, it was possible to avoid this cost due to the focus on wheat cultivation in the last four years.
True, it does not suit Ethiopia to be called a country that is supported by wheat while it has the potential to develop. This wheat development has enabled it to meet its domestic consumption by itself and also supply it to the foreign market. This success should be taken as a part of the revolution against poverty. It is not achieved as easily as we talk. Rather, it required the government to go a long distance in research, demonstration and awareness creation among farmers in different parts of the country.
The challenge was convincing the farmers to bring their farmlands to a cluster scheme instead of struggling on small plots of land with insufficient outcome. Besides, the government has gone further to introduce wheat to new areas that had not been familiar with its cultivation like in Afar region in the Awash Valley. Through time, other regions also gained lessons and began to engage in wheat cultivation either for the first time or intensifying the existing experience and upgrading their performance.
Moreover, it is necessary to think that there will be many more challenges in the effort to increase the production and productivity of wheat as the State Minister pointed out that damage caused by pests and diseases is a big challenge since using modern methods. To prevent the diseases, the work of training and coordinating field deployment of experts is being done.
As of the State Minister, in the last four years, extensive work has been done to cultivate wheat. He said that it has been possible to achieve more than the plan every year due to being able to work with focus and coordination from top to bottom.
The effort exerted in the scheme testifies that the government is committed to intensify the wheat revolution as a part of securing food self-sufficiency. Not only that, it can be taken as a benchmark to replicate the experience gained in wheat to other crops and thereby assuring food security.
-Ethiopian Herald.
East Africa: Kenya, Uganda Hailed for Availing Additional Funding to Aid Crafting of EAC Confederation
Nairobi — The East African Community (EAC) Heads of State have commended Kenya and Uganda for providing extra budgetary support to aid consultations on EAC the proposed political confederation.
During the final day of the 23rd Ordinary Summit of the EAC Heads of State in Arusha on Friday, the Summit also recognized South Sudan pledged contribution of USD500,000 and applauded Tanzania's commitment to support the process.
The Summit challenged the partner states that are yet to conclude the process to do so by the end of May 2024.
"The EAC Summit urged the United Republic of Tanzania, the Republic of South Sudan, the Republic of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo to conclude the consultations process by 30th may 2024," Burundi's President Évariste Ndayishimiye (Summit Chairperson) said when he conveyed the outcomes of the meeting in a joint communique.
It also called on the partner states that have not submitted the names of constitutional experts to do so by December 31, 2023 to expedite progress.
A comprehensive roadmap for the expeditious conclusion of the political confederation process was also adopted during the Summit.
The Political Confederation is a transitional model of the EAC Political Federation.
Talks complete in Kenya, Uganda, Burundi
On May 20, 2017, the 18th Summit of EAC Heads of State adopted and directed the Council of Ministers to Constitute a Team of Constitutional Experts to Draft the Constitution for the Political Confederation.
Subsequently, the Council appointed the constitutional experts in January 2019.
The Team is comprised of two Constitutional Experts and one Constitution Drafting Expert from each Partner State.
Kenya, Burundi, and Uganda have already successfully concluded their respective processes.
The Political Confederation, the fourth stage after the Customs Union, Common Market, and Monetary Union, is the ultimate goal of the EAC Regional Integration.
It is based on three pillars: common foreign and security policies, good governance, and the effective implementation of the prior stages of Regional Integration, as outlined in Article 5(2) of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community.
The EAC, consisting of seven partner countries - Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania, headquartered in Arusha, Tanzania - welcomed Somalia as the eighth member after the Summit approved its bid to join the bloc on Friday.
The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community was signed in Arusha on November 30, 1999, and entered into force on July 7, 2000, following the successful ratification process and deposit of the Instruments of Ratification by the three founding Partner States at the time.
-Capital FM.
Kenya: FKE Says 70,000 Formal Jobs Lost Since October 2022
Nairobi — Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE) says 70,000 employees in the formal private sector have lost their jobs since October 2022.
FKE Executive Director Jacqueline Mugo revealed the staggering job losses even while reiterating the federation's earlier warning that the Finance Act of 2023 would lead to more job losses.
The federation said the Finance Act of 2023 has adversely affected many businesses' cash flows, which has an effect on payrolls and rendered the cost of doing business unsustainable.
"Between October 2022 and November 2023, we have lost 3 per cent (70,000) of the jobs in the formal private sector and 40 per cent of employers have reported that they are planning to reduce the number of employees to meet the increasing costs of operating in Kenya," FKE said in a statement.
Mugo promised to launch a full survey report on Trends in December 2023.
The Federation noted that despite the huge loss, 40 per cent of businesses in the sector were still considering downsizing to address the rapid rise in operating costs in the country.
FKE noted the country's job situation remains unstable because of the COVID-19 pandemic's aftermath, as there has been no clear road to recovery.
Trapped by a fragile currency and a buttered economy, the FKE has now criticized the government policies, pointing out their detrimental effects on import-dependent enterprises.
The Federation observed that the Kenya shilling lost 21 per cent of its value in the year-long ending November 22, 2023.
It stated this devaluation is a result of capital flight and a decrease in foreign exchange inflow, worsed by the poor value of exports.
"The Kenyan shilling has experienced a sharp decline, losing 21 per cent of its value between September 13, 2022, and November 22, 2023. The exchange rate against the USD has soared to 152.45, a significant jump from the 121.05 recorded during the same period in 2022," read the statement.
The Federation proposed the three main taxes that need to be addressed are corporate tax, PAYE, and gasoline VAT.
It noted the taxes have a significant negative influence on citizens' purchasing power and business cash flow.
"We suggest returning the gasoline VAT to 8%, as it was prior to the Finance Act 2023's passage. Fuel price increases have a regressive impact on the economy," FKE noted.
Additionally, employers urged legislators to consider capping the PAYE rate at 25 per cent considering the largest factor still driving up living expenses is food inflation.
"In addition, we seek the removal of the minimum turnover tax. This tax is going to exacerbate informality and destroy micro businesses that employ 84 per cent of wage employees in Kenya," read the statement.
"Businesses are closing down, and we are seeing employees increasingly becoming working poor."
-Capital FM.
Uganda: Are Tech Giants Exploiting Ugandans?
Young Ugandans are training the artificial intelligence software and systems of the world's tech giants. But experts say their labor for companies such as Google and Microsoft comes cheap.
Music plays in the background of the darkened open-plan office where more than 150 young people are seated behind computer screens. There's also the constant clicking of computer mice in the space in central Kampala, Uganda.
Click by click, some of the young Ugandans are tracing lanes on screen that determine where Tesla cars are allowed to drive or not. Click by click,others are training an onscreen drone to pick only ripe red apples.
Sama is one of numerous new start-ups that train the artificial intelligence (AI) software and systems of large tech companies.
Colorful African fabrics adorn the walls of the company headquarters. Vines in old glass bottles dangle from the ceiling. In the office canteen, there's a container with colorful lollipops for the workers.
It's like an African version of Silicon Valley. No photos are allowed and the company management decided which of its workers could be interviewed by DW.
Jobs on a piecework basis
Sama Managing Director Joshua Okello is seated at his laptop at a long counter in the reception room. He explains the company concept: "Imagine there's a client in Germany who needs a software engineering company. Instead of spending up to €50,000, they can pay us far less."
Okello leads a large team of workers who click millions of times, around the clock and on a piecework basis: The processes have to be run until the car knows the traffic rules and the drone knows which apples are ripe.
The company's website lists its clients as Google, Ford, Walmart, Sony, BMW, Ebay, Microsoft and NASA. Sama also works for Meta, which owns Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram.
In the past, such companies outsourced call center jobs and other low-paid tasks to India, for example. However, salaries are now rising there too.
Large corporations seeking cheap labor have turned to East African countries such as Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda English is widely spoken, the internet is stable and the time difference to Europe is minimal.
Jobs instead of aid money
Sama was founded by Leila Janah, a US businesswoman who died of an illness in 2020 at the age of 37. She was the daughter of Indian immigrants and a student of African studies.
The start-up entrepreneur opened the first if its branches in India in 2008 and later in Kenya.
High youth unemployment
A high number of Ugandans are unemployed, says Sama Managing Director Okello. The situation is acute in the north of the country where a bloody civil war had raged for more than 20 years and numerous aid organizations withdrew.
Sama opened its first headquarters in the north, together with the charity Oxfam, in 2012. It later became an independent company.
"We can teach people digital skills and create jobs," says Okello.This is much better than delivering aid.
Sama's first office was housed in containers next to the university campus in Gulu, the largest city in the northern Uganda, Bruno Kayiza recalls.
At the time, the now 30-year-old was an economics student in Gulu with no idea where to find a job after graduating. "I was curious about what was happening, I kept seeing people going in and out," says Kayiza.
He spent four years at Sama teaching robots how to pick only ripe apples before becoming a team leader who monitored the quality of his colleagues' work.
Kayiza is now responsible for 418 people at Sama's Gulu branch. In 2019, Sama expanded to Kampala. After Kenya, Uganda is not the second most important location in Africa.
An opportunity for the future?
"The work is very interesting because we work on different projects," says Kayiza. In addition to the simple click jobs, there are also complex tasks, such as the three-dimensional analysis of a traffic situation.
"The salary is good," he says. The pay at Sama is around 20% higher than the €150 ($160) that untrained workers usually make in Uganda.
There's also social security such as free accident and health insurance, which is no usually offered in Uganda, says Kayiza.
This, according to expert Nanjira Sambuli, all sounds a little too good to be true. The Kenyan researcher tracks developments in the field of technology in African society.
Sama is a good example of the dilemma facing Africans, Sambuli says: "Clearly there is a huge need for jobs across the continent," says Sambuli, "but are these meaningful jobs? Are they secure jobs with future prospects?"
Traumatized by click work
Earlier this year, employees in Kenya sued the company for "exploitative" working conditions, according to the lawsuit. The employees had to check the content of posts on behalf of Facebook, often 700 text passages per day, mostly with sexually connotated content.
A few months ago, DW spoke to dismissed employees of Sama who were traumatized by their work of flagging depictions of violence on Facebook.
"The example in Kenya shows," says Sambuli, "that Africa's politicians and the international community need to think about the price at which all these labor processes are being outsourced to Africa at dumping prices," she says.
"Just because the continent urgently needs jobs does not mean that labor rights and minimum ethical standards can be thrown overboard."
Kenya: President Ruto Announces Plan to Privatise 35 Companies
Cape Town — Kenya's President William Ruto announced that the government has decided to privatise 35 state-owned companies that are operating inefficiently due to bureaucratic red tape, Al Jazeera reports.
In October 2023, the government changed the law to make it easier to sell state enterprises to private companies.
Kenya's economy is facing many economic challenges, including high inflation, rising government debt due to loans from the IMF and the World Bank for infrastructure projects, as well as high food and fuel prices.
Kenyans have been under increasing pressure from the government with tax hikes proposed to bring an end to government lending.
The IMF reportedly approved a loan of close to U.S.$1 billion and urged reforms in public sector firms including the power company and Kenya Airways, which suffered record losses in 2022.
AllAfrica reports that Kenyans have been protesting at the rising cost of food and petrol prices in recent months - protests that were also fuelled by opposition party leader Raila Odinga's cost of living protests in the run up to the presidential elections that was won by President William Ruto. While the government has been forced to cut spending, including the cutting of trips by government officials and trimming its burgeoning debt, to among others the International Monetary Fund, an enormous burden has been placed on citizens by the government to pay additional taxes to ensure the completion of infrastructure projects in the country.
Another 100 companies will also be considered for privatisation in due course, the president said.
Zhongzhi Enterprise Group: China investigates major shadow bank for 'crimes'
Chinese officials have launched an investigation into one of the country's biggest shadow banks, which has lent billions to real estate firms.
Zhongzhi Enterprise Group (ZEG) has an asset management arm that at its peak reportedly handled more than a trillion yuan ($139bn; £110bn).
Authorities said they are investigating "suspected illegal crimes" against the firm, in a statement on the weekend.
This comes days after reports that ZEG had declared it was insolvent.
The struggling firm reportedly told investors in a letter last week that its liabilities - up to $64bn - had outstripped its assets, now estimated at about $38bn.
While authorities said they had taken "criminal coercive measures" against "many suspects" it's still unclear who they are, and what role they play in the firm. The company's founder, Xie Zhikun, died of a heart attack in 2021.
ZEG is a major player in China's shadow banking industry, a term for a system of lenders, brokers and other credit intermediaries who fall outside the realm of traditional regulated banking. Shadow banking, which is unregulated, is not subject to the same kinds of risk, liquidity and capital restrictions as traditional banks.
China's shadow banking industry is valued at around $3tn. It often provides a financial lifeline to the country's property sector. The once-booming industry has been hit by a severe credit crunch, with some of the biggest firms now on the brink of financial collapse.
"For several decades China been chasing this property bubble - and in order to create this bubble, or to fuel growth in China, they needed capital. So they started getting a lot of money from individual investors offering very, very high returns. And it worked for quite a while because the property prices were going up and it's a win-win for everybody," says Andrew Collier, a shadow banking expert at Orient Capital Research.
Informal lending has always existed in China's economy, but shadow banking really took off in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in 2008, when credit was scarce.
Given China's slowing economy and the crisis in the real estate sector, Mr Collier says the troubles at ZEG may just be the start of a bigger problem: "This is going to spread further into other forms of shadow banks and potentially into the actual real brick-and-mortar banks."
Embattled property developers currently owe Chinese banks money worth as much as 30% of the banks' assets.
"That is going to take a long time to unwind," Mr Collier says.
The latest developments at ZEG has raised concerns of further turmoil in the world's second-largest economy, after the collapse of property developer Evergrande and more recently the financial woes at Country Garden.
China's property sector makes up a third of its economic output. That includes houses, rental and brokering services, as well as construction materials and industries producing goods that go into apartments.
The latest figures show that China's economy expanded by 4.9% in the three months between July and September. That is slower than the previous quarter, when the economy grew by 6.3%.-bbc
Sunak welcomes foreign firms' £29.5bn 'vote of confidence'
The prime minister will host a group of leading business figures on Monday at Hampton Court to highlight foreign firms' plans to invest in the UK.
Rishi Sunak said £29.5bn of new investment had been promised, which he described as a "huge vote of confidence" in the UK economy.
Last week's Autumn Statement included a raft of measures to encourage more business investment.
But it came against a backdrop of lower growth forecasts.
The Autumn Statement measures were largely designed to persuade domestic firms to invest more, an area in which the UK has been lagging behind its G7 peers.
However, the government said the UK's track record on attracting foreign investment remained strong.
Labour, on the other hand, said the government's policies had been a "total failure" when it came to growth and business investment.
"The past 13 years of Conservative government has been marked by a complete lack of stability, consistency and ambition which has turned potential investors away from Britain," Jonathan Reynolds, shadow trade and business secretary, said.
On Monday the government will be rolling out the red carpet at Hampton Court Palace - where King Henry VIII famously stepped away from day-to-day business matters to enjoy feasting and jousting - for what the government says will be an "historic" event, celebrating the UK's track record in innovation, "from the steam train to quantum computing".
It will be followed by a dinner with King Charles III at Buckingham Palace.
Some of those attending are themselves deemed global investment royalty. They include Stephen Schwarzman, the chief executive of investment group Blackstone, David Solomon from Goldman Sachs and Jamie Dimon at JP Morgan Chase.
"Global CEOs are right to back Britain - we are making this the best place in the world to invest and do business," Mr Sunak said.
Mr Sunak pointed to the UK's "culture of innovation and thriving universities" and highlighted "clean energy, life sciences and advanced technology" as key areas where he said inward investment was already creating jobs and driving growth.
Among the projects that will be confirmed on Monday are a £10bn investment from Australia's IFM Investors into infrastructure and energy projects and a commitment to build a new lab in Cambridge from BioNTech, the firm which pioneered the mRNA Covid vaccine.
Some of the sums on the list of projects that are being announced at the summit are ones that investors had previously announced, and which are now ready to attach a specific investment figure to. Others, such as IFM's investments, have already begun, and future investment sums are now being clarified. Other firms are adding new investments to existing portfolios.
Among the projects being highlighted are a £7bn boost to the amount Spain's Iberdrola is investing in UK electricity transmission and distribution; a £5bn investment from Australia's Aware Super in a range of businesses including the energy transition and affordable housing; and a £2.5bn from Microsoft in AI infrastructure.-bbc
Somalia joins East African Community
Somalia has joined the East African Community (EAC) in a move intended to boost economic growth in the country following three decades of war.
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud said joining the regional trade bloc was a "beacon of hope" for Somalia.
He said it offered "hope for a future of opportunities and prosperity".
Somalia has been wracked by conflict since 1991 and many parts of the country are controlled by jihadist group al-Shabab.
Some of its neighbours have sent troops to help fight the Islamist group, which is affiliated to al-Qaeda.
The decision to admit Somalia was made after a meeting of heads of member states in Arusha, Tanzania.
Somalia's integration into the EAC is a huge step for the Horn of Africa nation, but it did not come easy.
Months of lobbying to join the regional bloc were met by serious questions and hesitation by some member states.
EAC citizens can move freely within member states, so some fear that it could be easier for al-Shabab fighters to move around the region.
To be admitted into the EAC, new countries are supposed to show that they adhere to the principles of good governance, democracy, the rule of law, human rights and social justice.
Last year, Somalia was ranked the most corrupt country in the world by Transparency International.
So some argued that Somalia was not ready to join the bloc.
Negotiations between the EAC and Somalia began in August hosted by the Kenyan government.
President Hassan assured the EAC that his country was working tirelessly to address the issues, with the support of member states.
He went on a charm offensive, pointing to his country's 3,000km coastline which would link the region to the Arabian Peninsula, a vibrant economic zone and Somalia's marine economy like fishing.
This offer seems to have been too good for the EAC countries to turn down.
Friday's announcement has prompted mixed reactions.
Those in support said on X, formerly Twitter, that the admission was long overdue adding that the region will benefit significantly.
Others said more time should have been taken, arguing that the EAC might inherit some of Somalia's challenges.
The bloc is aiming to expand its market size as it hopes to integrate all countries in the Horn of Africa.
Earlier this year, EAC Secretary General Peter Mathuki hinted that Djibouti and Ethiopia would also join the bloc.
The Democratic Republic of Congo joined in March last year.
Somalia becomes the eighth member of the EAC after Burundi, DR Congo, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda.-bbc
Carnival UK withdraws 'fire-and-rehire' threat
Carnival UK is withdrawing a threat to use a controversial strategy known as "fire-and-rehire" in negotiations over the pay and conditions for more than 900 crew at the cruise operator.
Trade union Nautilus said the move followed urgent discussions.
In a joint statement Carnival and Nautilus said the tactic was being dropped.
Instead they would work "co-operatively towards a negotiated settlement", the statement said.
Nautilus executive officer Martyn Gray said the withdrawal was a "positive indication" of Carnival UK's commitment to negotiate over changes to terms and conditions for the 919 crew members affected.
"However, fire and rehire, or dismissal and re-engagement, should never be an option for any employer to force changes to terms and conditions and the UK government should commit to outlawing this," he said.
It is not currently illegal to fire and then rehire staff. But in practice it is only considered acceptable as a last resort, and as long as the correct procedures are followed.
Under UK law, employers planning to make 20 or more staff redundant within any 90-day period, must first consult staff and speak to trade union representatives.
On Thursday, Nautilus said documentation that Carnival had filed with the authorities showed that the firm had been considering using a "fire-and-rehire" strategy to push through a cut to working hours and pay for crew working on 10 vessels, including the Queen Elizabeth and the Queen Mary 2.
The documentation, known as a Form H1, included the statement "dismissal and re-engagement may be considered if agreement cannot be reached on new terms".
Carnival, which operates P&O Cruises and Cunard, responded with a statement denying it planned to pursue a fire-and-rehire strategy and said it was "categorically not making any redundancies".
In the joint statement issued on Friday, Carnival confirmed there was "no intent to undertake steps towards dismissal and re-engagement". It said the HR1 form had been rescinded.-bbc
John Lewis to offer health checks to customers
John Lewis is to offer health checks to customers including tests for vitamin deficiencies and hormone imbalances.
It will partner with Covid-19 testing company, Randox Health, opening clinics at stores in an attempt to attract more customers through the doors.
The first clinic will be at the High Wycombe store starting on the 18th December, followed by the Bluewater shopping centre branch in Kent.
It is part of a move to add more services after sales fell at the chain.
John Lewis said it would make healthcare "more convenient and accessible".
Customers will be able to sign up to Randox programmes - which include a range of health checks, starting at £295.
Randox Health came to prominence during the pandemic, becoming a major supplier of Covid-19 tests.
Between January 2020 and December 2021, the UK's Department of Health awarded 22 contracts to Randox, or its strategic partner with a maximum value of £777m.
Later Randox came under scrutiny over the way it was awarded those contracts. However, an investigation by the National Audit Office (NAO) over concerns that contracts were awarded without competitive tendering, concluded that it had "not seen any evidence that the government's contracts with Randox were awarded improperly".
UK High Streets and shopping centres have struggled to compete with the rise of online shopping in recent years, made harder by the shift to home and hybrid working following the pandemic. The challenges proved too much for some chains, including rival department stores BHS and Debenhams.
To compete John Lewis has been steadily increasing the services it offers. It already hosts opticians, travel agents, beauty salons and personal shopping services as part of its effort to diversify its offering to customers.
The pivot to more services, alongside its homeware, clothing and other products, was part of an overhaul spearheaded by the retailer's chairwoman, Sharon White, who will leave the firm in February next year.
Ms White's impending departure comes after a tumultuous few months, which saw parent group, the John Lewis Partnership, which also owns Waitrose supermarkets, report a £59m loss for the six months to 29 July.
Sales across its department stores fell 2% to £2.1bn in the first half of this year, although visitor numbers were up 8%.
The group has said its turnaround will take two years longer than previously planned.
Naomi Simcock, the head of the John Lewis chain, said: "In Randox we have an experienced and innovative partner to extend our range of in-store services, to help customers proactively manage their health and wellbeing."-bbc
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