Major International Business Headlines Brief ::: 24 November 2025
Bulls n Bears
info at bulls.co.zw
Mon Nov 24 13:50:07 CAT 2025
<https://bullszimbabwe.com/>
<http://www.bullszimbabwe.com> Bullszimbabwe.com <mailto:info at bulls.co.zw?subject=View%20and%20Comments> Views & Comments <https://bullszimbabwe.com/category/blogs/bullish-thoughts/> Bullish Thoughts <http://www.twitter.com/BullsBears2010> Twitter <https://www.facebook.com/BullsBearsZimbabwe> Facebook <http://www.linkedin.com/pub/bulls-n-bears-zimbabwe/57/577/72> LinkedIn <https://chat.whatsapp.com/CF6wllAfScU9Wr6dXxoQnO> WhatsApp <mailto:bulls at bullszimbabwe.com?subject=Unsubscribe> Unsubscribe
Major International Business Headlines Brief ::: 24 November 2025
<mailto:info at bulls.co.zw>
ü Ghana: Deepening Public Understanding to Make Ghana's Tax Reforms Work
ü Africa: Historic G20 Summit in Johannesburg Charts Path for Inclusive Global Growth, Resilience, and Sustainable Development
ü East Africa: Uganda Invited to Buy Stake in Kenya Pipeline Company Shares As Ruto Pushes Regional Integration
ü Kenya Power Rolls Out Automated Meter Reading System to Curb Billing Errors
ü Kenya: Turning Barriers Into Bridges - Why Pro-Competition Reforms Are Key for Kenya's Growth and Jobs Goals
ü Somalia Warns of Fiscal Risks As Domestic Tax Collection Remains At Just 3 Percent
ü Ghana: Public Sector Payments Go Fully Digital By 2026 - Controller
ü Malawians Told to Pay More Tax As Cost of Living Set to Rise
ü Africa: G20 Summit Ends With Commitment to Multilateralism, Despite U.S. Boycott
ü Japan's high-stakes gamble to turn island of flowers into global chip hub
ü UK most expensive place to develop nuclear power - report
ü 'Can't afford lost wages': India's voter roll revision is worrying migrant workers
ü G20 summit boycotted by US closes in South Africa
ü
<mailto:info at bulls.co.zw>
Ghana: Deepening Public Understanding to Make Ghana's Tax Reforms Work
As Ghana prepares for the rollout of wide-ranging tax reforms in January 2026, one message rings louder than ever: the success of these policy shifts will hinge not merely on legislation, but on communication. The Commissioner-General of the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA), Mr Anthony Kwasi Sarpong, has called on the media to intensify public education on the new tax regime. His appeal is timely and essential.
For years, tax compliance in Ghana has struggled under the weight of limited public understanding. Many citizens and businesses hesitate to fulfil their tax obligations, not necessarily out of refusal, but because the system often appears complex, technical, and at times, intimidating. Mr Sarpong rightly noted that any payment taken directly from one's pocket evokes a natural reluctance, which can only be eased through clear, simplified communication.
At a forum with editors in Accra, the Commissioner-General described the media as a "critical partner" in national tax education. The upcoming reforms are among the most comprehensive in recent years, covering new VAT legislation, amendments to the Income Tax and Customs Acts, and technological innovations aimed at real-time revenue tracking. These structural shifts require a coordinated change management effort, ensuring citizens understand not only what is changing, but why those changes matter for national development.
Follow us on WhatsApp | LinkedIn for the latest headlines
The reforms introduce new elements that will affect households, traders, digital consumers, and corporate entities alike. A new VAT law is set to take effect, accompanied by a decoupling that removes VAT previously charged on GETFund and NHIS levies. Changes to the Income Tax and Customs Acts are also anticipated, while the Physical and Electronic Devices Act is expected to automate VAT collection at retail and service points. This means every transaction--from shop purchases to service deliveries--will soon be captured digitally, improving transparency and reducing revenue leakages.
In the digital economy, the GRA is stepping into territories long left unregulated. New tools are being piloted to capture VAT on online purchases, cryptocurrency gains, and cross-border digital transactions. These measures are crucial for modernising revenue administration and ensuring equity between local and online buyers. As digital consumption grows, so must the country's ability to tax this space effectively.
However, these innovations will fall short without broad public understanding. The Assistant Commissioner in charge of Customer Experience, Dr Birago Antwi-Adjei, highlighted that only 1.2 million people are currently registered taxpayers, with compliance as low as 30 per cent. Heavy enforcement, she warned, can alienate taxpayers. What Ghana needs is voluntary compliance, which hinges on education.
Encouragingly, the GRA has established a Working Group to craft a three-year national tax education strategy. Yet, this effort cannot succeed in isolation. The media must amplify, simplify, and contextualise the reforms, while journalists must understand the measures deeply enough to explain them without ambiguity. Ultimately, tax reforms are not just administrative exercises--they are national development tools. For Ghana to achieve a fair, modern, and efficient tax system, communication must take centre stage. The GRA has extended a hand to the media; the task ahead is clear: inform, educate, and demystify. The nation's revenue future depends on it.
🔗 Follow Ghanaian Times WhatsApp Channel today. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAjG7g3gvWajUAEX12Q
🌍 Trusted News. Real Stories. Anytime, Anywhere.
✅ Join our WhatsApp Channel now! https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAjG7g3gvWajUAEX12Q
Read the original article on Ghanaian Times.
Africa: Historic G20 Summit in Johannesburg Charts Path for Inclusive Global Growth, Resilience, and Sustainable Development
The G20 Leaders' Summit concluded with a bold declaration to build a more inclusive, resilient, and sustainable global economy. On 23 November 2025, leaders announced ambitious commitments spanning Africa's growth and industrialisation, disaster resilience, energy transitions, critical minerals, food security, financial stability, and responsible artificial intelligence (AI) innovation.
The G20 comprises 19 countries and the European Union, representing the world's largest economies. Its members, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union, collectively account for over 80% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, and two-thirds of the world's population. This makes the G20 a crucial forum for international economic cooperation.
In addition to its core members, South Africa as the Chair, extended invitations to several guest nations and international organisations, including continental and regional economic communities. Among the participants was His Excellency Mr. Elias M. Magosi, Executive Secretary of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), along with other heads of African Regional Economic Communities.
The G20 reaffirmed its support for Africa's economic transformation, highlighting the Compact with Africa (CwA) as a cornerstone initiative. Launched in 2017, the CwA promotes private investment through reforms that strengthen macroeconomic stability and business environments. Leaders welcomed the Second Phase of CwA (2025-2033), backed by a new World Bank multi-donor fund, and announced the inclusion of Zambia and Angola as new members. These expanded partnerships aim to boost industrialisation, trade, and integration into global value chains.
On disaster resilience, leaders adopted high-level principles for risk reduction, introduced a Recovery Readiness Assessment Framework, and pledged universal early warning systems by 2027. Energy transitions took centre stage with Mission 300, which aims to connect 300 million Africans to electricity by 2030. Leaders also committed to tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency improvements by the end of the decade.
The G20 unveiled a Critical Minerals Framework to secure transparent supply chains, promote local beneficiation, and strengthen governance for sustainable mining. Industrialisation was advanced through new principles linking manufacturing with decent work, social protection, and support for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and startups.
Food security remained a priority, with leaders pledging to achieve Zero Hunger through the Ubuntu Approaches on Food Security and Nutrition. These approaches invest in smallholder farmers, reduce food waste, and scale climate-resilient agriculture. Leaders also reaffirmed support for African-led initiatives under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
Financial stability commitments included reforms to boost multilateral development bank lending, governance reforms at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with a new chair for Sub-Saharan Africa, and the launch of the Ubuntu Legacy Initiative to accelerate cross-border infrastructure projects.
World leaders also pledged to harness AI and digital technologies to accelerate progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. Commitments include safe and ethical AI frameworks, global cooperation through the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Technology Policy Assistance Facility, and the launch of the AI for Africa Initiative to expand computing power and talent across the continent.
The Summit closed with a call for solidarity and multilateralism. Leaders pledged to leave no one behind and to ensure that global economic policies deliver productivity, equity, and sustainable development for all. The link for the Declaration is here: https://g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-G20-Summit-Declaration.pdf
Read the original article on SADC.
East Africa: Uganda Invited to Buy Stake in Kenya Pipeline Company Shares As Ruto Pushes Regional Integration
Nairobi — Kenya has formally invited Uganda to acquire a significant stake in the Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC), in what President William Ruto described as a historic step toward shared ownership of regional fuel infrastructure.
President Ruto announced that Kenya will divest up to 65 percent of KPC, opening the door for the Ugandan government, private investors, and citizens across East Africa to buy into the strategic firm that transports petroleum products across the region.
"Let me commend you, Mr. President, for agreeing to work with us .I have given appropriate guidance on the need for Uganda and Kenya, public and private, to jointly own the Kenya Pipeline Company. That facility is not just a Kenyan facility; it is a regional facility," President Ruto said during the launch of the Devki Steel factory.
The Head of State said Uganda had already expressed readiness to co-invest, noting that the move would diversify ownership of a critical regional lifeline and strengthen East Africa's energy security.
He urged Ugandans and other East Africans to participate once shares become available in March next year.
President Ruto emphasized that joint ownership of KPC aligns with ongoing regional infrastructure plans, including the extension of the Eldoret-Kampala fuel pipeline deeper into Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
"The government of Kenya has approved for our two governments to co-invest in extending that pipeline so that it can serve East Africa," he said.
Infrastructure Expansion
Ruto further revealed that in January, Kenya and Uganda would launch the extension of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from Naivasha to Kampala, linking directly with the planned pipeline route from Malaba into the DRC.
The two projects, he said, would significantly cut transport costs, improve logistics, and enhance the region's global competitiveness.
To ease congestion along the Northern Corridor, Ruto announced that next Friday he will launch the dualling of the Rironi-Malaba highway, a move he described as a strategic intervention to speed up the movement of goods and people between the two countries.
"As you know, Mr. President, that road is getting slower as traffic increases. We are creating a highway to facilitate faster movement of goods, people, and services between Kenya, Uganda and the East African hinterlands," he said.
Indian Ocean Access
Kenya has moved to firmly dispel speculation over Uganda's access to the sea, with President William Ruto declaring that the two neighboring states remain united in expanding regional transport, logistics, and infrastructure corridors for shared prosperity.
President Ruto dismissed what he termed naysayers and sections of the media that attempted to create friction between the two countries over Uganda's long-standing reliance on Kenyan ports.
"I know people in the journalist space tried to create an impression that Uganda had said something to the effect that they need to access the sea by all means. Let me assure the naysayers that Uganda and Kenya are brothers and sisters and we do not have time for negative engagement," President Ruto said.
President Ruto emphasized that Uganda's access to the sea through Kenya is not under threat, noting that both governments were actively strengthening the very corridors critics claimed were in jeopardy.
"Uganda is assured of the access to the sea through Kenya.That is why we are not only extending the pipeline, we are also extending the road and we are also extending the railway because we believe that this region needs to move as one," he said.
The Head of State said both countries were entering a new phase of coordinated investment intended to boost trade, cut transport costs and attract investors across East Africa.
"We have time for progress. We want to work together to create jobs, to attract investment, and to do developments like the one we see here today. We want to connect this region so that we can share prosperity because poverty cannot be shared," Ruto said.
He further reiterated country's readiness to work closely with Uganda, Rwanda and other EAC partners to transform today's milestone into tomorrow's prosperity.
Read the original article on Capital FM.
Kenya Power Rolls Out Automated Meter Reading System to Curb Billing Errors
Nairobi — Kenya Power has begun rolling out an automated meter-reading system aimed at improving the accuracy and efficiency of its monthly billing processes.
The technology, known as Optical Character Recognition (OCR), allows meter readers to scan meter displays instead of manually keying in readings, a process the utility says will reduce human error and speed up data collection.
According to Kenya Power, the system is being deployed across all eight of its operating regions after a six-month pilot conducted in Nairobi earlier this year. The utility hopes to transition 1.8 million postpaid meters to the OCR-based system.
"These are postpaid meters that still require manual readings every month. OCR will significantly cut the time taken and minimise inaccuracies linked to manual entry," said Richard Wida, the company's Commercial Cycle Manager.
Billing errors have been a recurring source of customer complaints, with Kenya Power attributing part of the problem to inconsistent manual readings. The new technology is expected to streamline the process and improve billing integrity.
The adoption of OCR forms part of the utility's broader digitalisation strategy, which includes customer self-service channels such as the Mypower mobile app and USSD *977#, where postpaid users can submit their own readings.
Kenya Power said it intends to integrate OCR into these self-reading options in future to further minimise inaccuracies.
In addition to the new system, the utility continues to expand its smart-metering programme for large power users, SMEs and selected domestic customers. Smart meters allow for remote reading and remote disconnection or reconnection.
Kenya Power is banking on these digital tools to enhance service delivery and reduce disputes related to billing.
Read the original article on Capital FM.
Kenya: Turning Barriers Into Bridges - Why Pro-Competition Reforms Are Key for Kenya's Growth and Jobs Goals
When I first arrived in Nairobi, I was struck by the energy of its entrepreneurs. In the bustling markets of Gikomba, the co-working spaces of Westlands, and the farmlands of Nakuru, the spirit of enterprise was unmistakable.
Yet beneath that vibrancy lay a quieter frustration. While Kenyan talents and ideas seemed abundant, opportunities did not always follow. Many business owners spoke of obstacles that had little to do with creativity or effort, and everything to do with how markets are structured.
It is this gap between potential and reality that a new joint report by the World Bank Group and the Competition Authority of Kenya seeks to address.
>From Barriers to Bridges: Pro-Competitive Reforms for Productivity and Jobs in Kenya highlights the simple but powerful message that when markets are open, fair and competitive, Kenyans thrive. When they are not, well-connected interests and dominant firms entrench their advantages at the expense of consumers, emerging entrepreneurs, and jobseekers. The result is higher prices, fewer jobs, and slower innovation, with costs ultimately borne across the economy.
Kenya has made considerable progress over the past decade, diversifying its economy and attracting strong investment in sectors ranging from horticulture to ICT. However, new evidence shows that structural barriers to competition remain widespread. Kenya's Product Market Regulation (PMR) index -- an international benchmark measuring how conducive policy and regulation are to business entry and competition -- remains among the most restrictive globally. Key drivers include extensive state participation in commercial markets, opaque rule-making processes, and constraints on trade and foreign investment.
These challenges have tangible, everyday consequences. When fertilizer distribution is concentrated among a few entities with preferential access, farmers pay more, yields stagnate, and food security is weakened. Under the current subsidy program, farmers must travel three times farther than before to reach distribution points, doubling their transportation costs. When electricity generation contracts are not awarded through transparent competition, power remains expensive, hindering business growth and burdening households. Kenya's electricity tariffs are 53 percent higher than Uganda's, 88 percent higher than Tanzania's, and more than double South Africa and Ethiopia's.
Fortunately, these barriers are not inevitable. They are the result of policy choices which can change.
This is why pro-competition reforms matter. They are not about withdrawing regulations, but about ensuring regulation works in the public interest. This involves reforming state-owned enterprises so they compete on a level playing field, promoting transparency in policy-making, and lowering restrictions on foreign trade and investment.
It also involves reforms at the sector level. These include implementing open auctions for power purchase contracts, improvements to the fertilizer subsidy scheme to better leverage last-mile private retailers, and stronger efforts to identify and remedy dominance and market power in telecommunications.
Importantly, such reforms are not only about removing barriers but are also about building bridges.
Bridges between regulators and innovators, so that policy responds to technological change.
Bridges between local firms and international investors, so that capital and know-how can scale.
Bridges between the public and private sectors, grounded in shared commitment to jobs and inclusive growth.
Kenya's global leadership in digital financial services demonstrates what is possible. The success of mobile money and fintech innovation did not happen by chance. It emerged from forward-looking regulation that allowed new entrants to challenge legacy models. Similar transformation is possible in agriculture, energy, telecommunications, and professional services.
The potential is considerable. Our analysis suggests that reducing regulatory barriers to competition could increase GDP growth by more than half a percentage point annually. It could also drive the growth of job opportunities equivalent to 400,000 jobs per year.
For a country where nearly one million young people seek work annually, such gains are not merely statistical, they are life changing.
Yet competition reform is not only technical. It is inherently political. It challenges entrenched interests and requires governments to take bold, sometimes difficult decisions.
Success demands leadership, coordination across ministries, and sustained implementation. It also requires ongoing dialogue with industry and consumers as partners in pursuit of shared national priorities.
The World Bank Group is committed to supporting Kenya along this path. Through programmes focused on job creation, enterprise development, state-owned enterprise reform, and strengthening key sectors--and through global partnerships that bring lessons from other economies--we stand ready to help turn barriers into bridges.
Ultimately, competition is not an end in itself. It is a pathway to dignity through work, fairness in opportunity, and hope for the next generation. Kenya has the talent, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit to achieve this.
With the right reforms, the most dynamic chapters of Kenya's growth story are still to come.
Qimiao Fan is the World Bank Division Director for Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, and Uganda.
Read the original article on Capital FM.
Somalia Warns of Fiscal Risks As Domestic Tax Collection Remains At Just 3 Percent
Mogadishu — Somalia's federal government has warned that the country faces significant fiscal risks unless an agreement is reached on a unified tax-sharing framework, after new data showed that only 3 percent of the national economy is currently taxed.
Finance Minister Biixi Iimaan Cige said during a panel discussion on financial stability at the National Justice Sector Convention that domestic revenue collection remains far below the level required to sustain government functions. He noted that, apart from the capital Mogadishu, the federal government does not directly receive taxes collected by federal member states.
Cige said the ministry has prioritised boosting domestic revenue in order to reduce reliance on foreign aid. Over the past three years, he said, domestic income has increased by 80 percent, driven by the introduction of new legislation, modern tax-collection systems and stronger oversight of revenue-gathering agencies.
"Only 3 percent of Somalia's economy is taxed. If we fail to reach an agreement on tax federalisation, the country is at risk," the minister said, calling the situation "a serious warning sign" for fiscal stability.
Follow us on WhatsApp | LinkedIn for the latest headlines
Reflecting on conditions before President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud took office, Cige said the government had relied almost entirely on revenue from Mogadishu port -- an income stream he described as unstable and insufficient, with salaries often requiring supplementary support.
He said the government has since moved away from dependence on the port alone and begun building a modern financial architecture, including the appointment of revenue prosecutors and the establishment of procedures aimed at strengthening internal revenue sources.
The minister urged Somalis to understand the constraints facing the government, stressing that economic stability was essential for building durable state institutions.
"Financial stability is the backbone of functional statehood," he said.
Read the original article on Shabelle.
Ghana: Public Sector Payments Go Fully Digital By 2026 - Controller
The Controller and Accountant-General, Mr Kwasi Agyei, has announced a nationwide plan to eliminate the use of manual cheques across all government institutions by the end of the first quarter of 2026. The reform will mandate the full deployment of the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) and the Ghana Interbank Payment and Settlement Systems (GhIPSS) to facilitate secure, digital government payments.
Speaking at a stakeholder meeting in Accra, Mr Agyei said the initiative forms part of efforts to strengthen the integrity, efficiency, and transparency of public financial management. He noted that while Ghana has made progress in modernising its payment systems, the continued use of manual cheques by Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) still poses "operational inefficiencies and risks."
The meeting aimed to secure full deployment of the GIFMIS-GhIPSS electronic funds transfer (EFT) system across all commercial banks and to outline a clear roadmap for phasing out cheque payments within the public sector. "This initiative is not merely a technological upgrade; it is a transformative step towards strengthening accountability and efficiency in the management of public funds," he said.
Mr Agyei explained that manual cheque processing had long presented challenges, including reconciliation difficulties, heightened fraud risks, and delays in financial reporting. Transitioning to electronic platforms such as GIFMIS and GhIPSS is therefore "both timely and essential."
He stressed that the Public Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 921), designates GIFMIS as the mandatory platform for managing critical public resources, including the Consolidated Fund, Internally Generated Funds, Statutory Funds, and Donor Funds. However, several entities continued to issue cheques directly through commercial banks, bypassing the system. The continued non-use of GIFMIS, he warned, undermined transparency and contributed to delays in preparing the National Accounts, forcing the Department to undertake expensive nationwide data collection and manual data entry each year.
BY KINGSLEY ASARE & RAYMOND APPIAH-AMPONSAH
🔗 Follow Ghanaian Times WhatsApp Channel today. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAjG7g3gvWajUAEX12Q
Malawians Told to Pay More Tax As Cost of Living Set to Rise
Malawians should get ready to spend more money after government announced new taxes that will make life more expensive for many families.
In the 2025/26 Mid-Year Budget Review, government has increased value-added tax (VAT), changed the Pay As You Earn (PAYE) system, and added new business taxes. Government says it is doing this because it does not have enough money and the budget deficit is growing.
But many people--including economists, business leaders and consumer rights groups--say these changes will hurt ordinary Malawians who are already struggling with high prices, low incomes and shortages of forex.
What has changed in PAYE?
Keep up with the latest headlines on WhatsApp | LinkedIn
Government has changed how workers are taxed:
If you earn K170 000 or less, you will not pay income tax.
The old 25% tax band has been removed.
Now:
Workers earning between K170 000 and K1.57 million will pay 30% tax.
Those earning up to K10 million will pay 35%.
Anyone above that will pay 40%.
What does this mean?
Low-income workers get small relief because more of their salary is tax-free. But this relief will not last, because other taxes--like VAT--are rising. Middle earners may pay a bit more.
High earners will pay much more, which may reduce savings and investments.
VAT goes up--prices will rise
VAT has increased from 16.5% to 17.5%. This means many everyday items will become more expensive.
Consumer Association of Malawi (Cama) boss John Kapito warned that prices of cooking oil, sugar, soap, and even transport will go up immediately.
He also said many traders cheat by not issuing receipts and working with corrupt officers, meaning government still loses money while consumers suffer.
Economist Velli Nyirongo said increasing VAT when inflation is already high will worsen the situation. He said inflation may rise even more next year unless monetary policy remains tight.
Private sector worried--investment may slow down
Businesses say the new tax measures will make it more expensive to operate. Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (MCCCI) president Wisely Phiri said the taxes focus only on collecting money, not helping the economy grow.
He criticised the new Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)--a tax that forces companies to pay 0.5% of their total sales, even if they made no profit. He said this will drain cash from companies still recovering from economic shocks.
He also said lowering the super-profit tax threshold from K10 billion to K5 billion will scare investors away at a time when Malawi needs more investment.
Tax experts say Malawi's system is weak
Tax consultant Emmanuel Kaluluma said the new reforms show that Malawi's tax system has deep problems. He said VAT works well in countries where businesses always tell the truth about what they earn. In Malawi, he said, many businesses easily hide or manipulate their VAT records.
He said government should improve tax compliance instead of simply raising VAT. Kaluluma also criticised the sudden introduction of the Minimum Alternate Tax, saying it shows government is failing to enforce tax rules effectively.
So what is at stake?
While government hopes these taxes will help it raise more money in the short term, many experts fear the following may happen:
Prices of basic goods will rise.
Inflation may get worse.
Companies may struggle or reduce jobs.
Investors may avoid Malawi.
Consumer spending will drop because people will have less money.
Economist Nyirongo said taxes alone cannot fix Malawi's economy. He said government needs to cut unnecessary spending, manage debt better, and keep monetary policy strong.
Read the original article on Nyasa Times.
Africa: G20 Summit Ends With Commitment to Multilateralism, Despite U.S. Boycott
The G20 summit in Johannesburg closed on Sunday with South Africa claiming a diplomatic victory after securing agreement on a wide-ranging declaration - despite a boycott by the United States and warnings from several leaders that the forum is struggling to remain relevant in a fragmenting world.
South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa said on Sunday that the Leaders' Declaration from this weekend's Group of 20 summit reflected a "renewed commitment to multilateral cooperation".
As host of the Johannesburg summit, Ramaphosa pushed through the declaration addressing global challenges like the climate crisis, despite opposition from the US.
The Trump administration boycotted the event because of allegations - widely debunked - that South Africa's black majority government persecutes its white minority. It also said South Africa's priorities - inculding cooperation on trade and climate - ran counter to its policies.
In an unprecedented move, Pretoria released the 122-point declaration at the start of the two-day meeting on Saturday - a decision that broke with G20 protocol and drew irritation from Washington.
Diplomatic tensions overshadowed the final hours of the summit as South Africa refused to stage the traditional handover of the rotating presidency, scheduled to pass to the United States for 2026. President Donald Trump plans to hold the summit at a Florida gold club he owns.
South Africa 'will not be bullied,' Ramaphosa says after Trump attack
What was agreed?
The declaration called for more global attention on issues that specifically affect poor countries, such as the need for financial help to recover from climate-related disasters, debt relief and support for the transition to greener energy sources.
Leaders representing 19 countries, the EU and the African Union called for climate-related funding to increase "from billions to trillions globally", echoing commitments made as Cop30 concluded in Brazil.
The text also emphasises the "imperative" of tackling global disparities in wealth and access to development, though it stops short of endorsing the international panel on inequality championed by South Africa.
On energy transition and resources, the declaration urged efforts to secure supply chains for critical minerals amid intensifying geopolitical tensions.
Regarding security, it said the organisation will work for a comprehensive and lasting peace in Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the occupied Palestinian territory and Ukraine.
The summit marked an important moment for African nations, more than 20 of which attended as guests.
Germany announced new investments through the pan-African insurer ATIDI, while the Compact with Africa programme - launched at the G20 in 2017 - received fresh commitments. The United Arab Emirates pledged US$1 billion to expand artificial intelligence infrastructure across Africa.
"South Africa has used this presidency to place the priorities of Africa and the Global South firmly at the heart of the G20 agenda," Ramaphosa said.
G20 outcomes are not binding so it's not clear whether the declaration will translate into concrete action.
Several of South Africa's ambitions - including stronger language on taxing billionaires - were watered-down.
Africa takes centre stage as South Africa maps ambitious G20 agenda
Geopolitical crises
The summit came at a time of heightened tensions between world powers over Russia's war in Ukraine, and fraught climate negotiations at Cop30 in Brazil.
The declaration made just one reference to Ukraine, calling for a "just, comprehensive and lasting peace" based on the UN Charter, despite gathering the vast majority of the world's leaders.
"Meeting for the first time on the African continent marks an important milestone," said French President Emmanuel Macron, but added the G20 bloc was "struggling to have a common standard on geopolitical crises" and "may be coming to the end of a cycle".
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer agreed, saying: "There's no doubt, the road ahead is tough."
Ramaphosa, Macron step up talks on Ukraine as South Africa joins push for peace
China's premier, Li Qiang - filling in for President Xi Jinping - said "unilateralism and protectionism are rampant", and warned of mounting pressure on global solidarity.
Still, some praised the summit as a significant symbolic moment for the G20, which is actually a group of 21 members formed in 1999 as a bridge between rich and poor nations to confront global financial crises.
"This is the first ever meeting of world leaders in history where the inequality emergency was put at the centre of the agenda," said Max Lawson of Oxfam - the international charity working to alleviate global poverty.
(with newswires)
Read or Listen to this story on the RFI website.
Japan's high-stakes gamble to turn island of flowers into global chip hub
The island of Hokkaido has long been an agricultural powerhouse – now Japan is investing billions to turn it into a global hub for advanced semiconductors.
More than half of Japan's dairy produce comes from Hokkaido, the northernmost of its main islands. In winter, it's a wonderland of ski resorts and ice-sculpture festivals; in summer, fields bloom with bands of lavender, poppies and sunflowers.
These days, cranes are popping up across the island – building factories, research centres and universities focused on technology. It's part of Japan's boldest industrial push in a generation: an attempt to reboot the country's chip-making capabilities and reshape its economic future.
Locals say that beyond the cattle and tourism, Hokkaido has long lacked other industries. There's even a saying that those who go there do so only to leave.
But if the government succeeds in turning Hokkaido into Japan's answer to Silicon Valley - or "Hokkaido Valley", as some have begun to call it - the country could become a new contender in the $600bn (£458bn) race to supply the world's computer chips.
An unlikely player
At the heart of the plan is Rapidus, a little-known company backed by the government and some of Japan's biggest corporations including Toyota, Softbank and Sony.
Born out of a partnership with IBM, it has raised billions of dollars to build Japan's first cutting-edge chip foundry in decades.
The government has invested $12bn in the company, so that it can build a massive semiconductor factory or "fab" in the small city of Chitose.
In selecting the Hokkaido location, Rapidus CEO Atsuyoshi Koike points to Chitose's water, electricity infrastructure and its natural beauty.
Mr Koike oversaw the fab design, which will be completely covered in grass to harmonise with Hokkaido's landscape, he told the BBC.
Local authorities have also flagged the region as being at lower risk of earthquakes compared to other potential sites in Japan.
A key milestone for Rapidus came with the delivery of an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) system from the Dutch company ASML.
The high-tech machinery helped bring about Rapidus' biggest accomplishment yet earlier this year – the successful production of prototype two nanometre (2nm) transistors.
These ultra-thin chips are at the cutting edge of semiconductor technology and allow devices to run faster and more efficiently.
It's a feat only rival chip makers TSMC and Samsung have accomplished. Intel is not pursuing 2nm, it is leapfrogging from 7nm straight to 1.8nm.
"We succeeded in manufacturing the 2nm prototype for the first time in Japan, and at an unprecedented speed in Japan and globally," Mr Koike said.
He credits the IBM partnership for helping achieve the breakthrough.
Tie-ups with global companies are essential to acquiring the technology needed for this level of chips, he added.
The sceptics
Rapidus is confident that it is on track to mass produce 2nm chips by 2027. The challenge will be achieving the yield and quality that is needed to survive in an incredibly competitive market – the very areas where Taiwan and South Korea have pulled ahead.
TSMC for example has achieved incredible success in mass production, but making high-end chips is costly and technically demanding.
In a 2024 report, the Asean+3 Macroeconomic Research Office highlighted that although Rapidus is receiving government subsidies and consortium members are contributing funds: "The financing falls short of the expected 5 trillion yen ($31.8bn; £24.4bn) needed to start mass production."
The Center for Security and International Studies (CSIS) has previously said: "Rapidus has no experience in manufacturing advanced chips, and to date there is no indication that it will be able to access actual know-how for such an endeavour from companies with the requisite experience (ie TSMC and Samsung)."
Finding customers may also be a challenge – Samsung and TSMC have established relationships with global companies that have been buying their chips for years.
The lost decades
Nevertheless, Japan's government is pouring money into the chip industry - $27bn between 2020 and early 2024 - a larger commitment relative to its gross domestic product (GDP) than the US made through the Biden-era CHIPS Act.
In late 2024, Tokyo unveiled a $65bn package for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and semiconductors that could further support Rapidus's expansion plans.
This comes after decades of decline. Forty years ago Japan made more than half of the world's semiconductors. Today, it produces just over 10%.
Many point to US-Japan trade tensions in the 1980s as a turning point.
Naoyuki Yoshino, professor emeritus at Keio University, said Japan lost out in the technology stakes to Taiwan and South Korea in the 1980s, leaving domestic companies weaker.
Unlike its rivals, Japan failed to sustain subsidies to keep its chipmakers competitive.
But Mr Koike says that mentality has changed.
"The [national] government and local government are united in supporting our industry to revive once again."
Getty Images Construction of a new semiconductor factory by Rapidus Corp. in Chitose, Hokkaido Getty Images
Rapidus has already achieved a production prototype of a 2nm chip
Japan's broader economic challenges also loom large. Its population is shrinking while the number of elderly citizens continues to surge. That has determined the national budget for years and has contributed to slowing growth.
More than a third of its budget now goes to social welfare for the elderly, and that squeezes the money available for research, education and technology, Prof Yoshino says.
Japan also faces a severe shortage of semiconductor engineers – an estimated 40,000 people in the coming years.
Rapidus is partnering with Hokkaido University and others to train new workers, but agrees it will have to rely heavily on foreigners, at a time when public support for workers coming into the country for employment is low.
Growing an ecosystem
The government's push is already attracting major global players.
TSMC is producing 12–28nm chips in Kumamoto, on the south-western island of Kyushu - a significant step for Japan, even if it lags behind the company's cutting-edge production in Taiwan.
The expansion has transformed the local economy, attracting suppliers, raising wages, and leading to infrastructure and service developments.
Japan's broader chip revival strategy appears to be following a playbook: establish a "fab", and an entire ecosystem will tend to follow.
TSMC started building a second plant on Kyushu in October this year, which is due to begin production by the end of 2027.
Beyond Rapidus and TSMC, local players like Kioxia and Toshiba are also getting government backing.
Kioxia has expanded fabs in Yokkaichi and Kitakami with state funds and Toshiba has built one in Ishikawa. Meanwhile, ROHM has been officially designated as a company that provides critical products under Tokyo's economic security framework.
American memory chipmaker Micron will also receive $3.63bn in subsidies from the Japanese government to grow facilities in Hiroshima, while Samsung is building a research and development facility in Yokohama.
Hokkaido is seeing similar momentum. Chipmaking equipment companies ASML and Tokyo Electron have both opened offices in Chitose, off the back of Rapidus building a production facility there.
"This will make a form of 'global ecosystem'," Mr Koike says, "where we work together to be able to produce semiconductors that contribute to the world."
Getty Images Rapidus Corporation President Atsuyoshi Koike bows during a press conference in TokyoGetty Images
The CEO of Rapidus says the firm's edge is bespoke chips that can be delivered quickly
Mr Koike said Rapidus's key selling point would be - as its name suggests - an ability to produce custom chips faster than competitors, rather than competing directly with other players.
"TSMC leads the world, with Intel and Samsung close behind. Our edge is speed - we can produce and deliver chips three to four times faster than anyone else. That speed is what gives us an edge in the global semiconductor race," Mr Koike said.
Big bet
Global demand for chips is surging with the rise of AI, while Japan's automakers - still recovering from pandemic-era supply shocks - are pressing for more reliable, domestically or regionally sourced production across the entire supply chain, from raw materials to finished chips.
Securing control over chip manufacturing is being seen as a national security priority, both in Japan and elsewhere, as recent trade frictions and geopolitical tensions between China and Taiwan raise concerns around the risks of relying on foreign suppliers.
"We'd like to provide products from Japan once again – products that are powerful and with great new value," Mr Koike said.
For Japan's government, investing in Rapidus is a high-stakes gamble to revive its semiconductor industry and more broadly its tech power.
And some analysts say it may be the country's best chance to build a domestic ecosystem to supply advanced chips to its many manufacturers, and one day become a formidable challenger in the global market.-bbc
UK most expensive place to develop nuclear power - report
The UK has become the "most expensive place in the world" to build nuclear power plants, according to a government review which criticises "overly complex" bureaucracy around the sector.
The report, which was commissioned by Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, calls for a "one-stop shop" for nuclear decisions.
A "radical reset" of the rules around nuclear power could save Britain "tens of billions" in costs and reverse the industry's "decline" in recent years, the Nuclear Regulatory Taskforce said.
It comes as the UK government looks to build a new generation of nuclear plants to meet the country's future energy needs and net zero targets.
Hinkley Point C in Somerset is expected to start operating in the early 2030s, while Sizewell C - which the government says will be capable of powering six million homes - will follow later that decade.
The UK is also setting up small nuclear power stations, which are faster to build than full-size reactors.
The taskforce's report said the planning system needed to be streamlined and the risks associated with nuclear energy should be brought in line with the rest of the world
It said the UK had excessively risk-averse policies in place, including "overly conservative" rules on radiation exposure levels for workers.
A "fragmented" regulatory system has led to "conservative and costly decisions not proportionate to the actual risk being managed", it said.
The report said nuclear plants - which generate electricity by using atomic reactions to produce heat - were "essential to the UK's future", with the country at risk of missing out on a "worldwide nuclear renaissance".
Taskforce chair John Fingleton said: "Our solutions are radical, but necessary. By simplifying regulation, we can maintain or enhance safety standards while finally delivering nuclear capacity safely, quickly, and affordably."
How does nuclear power work and why is the UK investing in it?
What is net zero and is the UK on track to achieve it?
Speaking to the BBC's Today programme, Mr Fingleton said the UK's regulations have "made us the most expensive place in the world to build nuclear".
Limitations on exposure to radiation are stricter in an energy setting than in a dentists or doctors, he said.
"Motorways wouldn't be very useful if we all drove at five miles an hour but that's sort of what we're doing in nuclear safety."
The government is expected to address the report's findings later this month in the Budget.
Energy Secretary Ed Miliband said: "This government is delivering a golden age of new nuclear as we drive for energy sovereignty and abundance.
"A crucial part of that is delivering the reforms we need to drive forward new nuclear in a safe, affordable way."
Several major economies are reassessing their nuclear strategies and expanding capacity.
The number of planned and proposed nuclear plants currently in the works is roughly equivalent to the number already in operation around the world.
The UK is among 30 other countries that have signed a global pledge to triple their nuclear capacity by 2050 in a bid to cut carbon emissions.
Britain's existing nuclear power stations account for about 15% of the electricity generated in 2024.
The UK runs nine nuclear reactors but they are ageing, with eight set to shut by 2030, and the new plants will take several years to come online.
Beyond the UK, France plans to build at least six new reactors, while China has nearly 30 under construction.
The US completed its first new reactor in over three decades last year, and Japan - which temporarily shuttered its nuclear programme after the 2011 meltdown at Fukushima - now plans for it to supply a fifth of its electricity by 2040.
In contrast, Germany has phased out its use of nuclear power, prioritising alternative renewables like hydrogen.
The development of nuclear energy remains divisive, with public opinion shaded by high-profile safety incidents, including Fukushima and the 1986 disaster at Chernobyl.-bbc
'Can't afford lost wages': India's voter roll revision is worrying migrant workers
Abhishek Dey Six women residents of Rangpuri Pahari slum in India's capital city Delhi - all of them migrants from West Bengal state - wearing kurtas and sarees, stand in an open area in the neighbourhood. Behind them there's a green cloth that covers the tin wall of a tentAbhishek Dey
Women in Rangpuri Pahari slum fear costly trips home to stay on India's voter rolls
A sense of anxiety grips Rangpuri Pahari, a slum in India's capital Delhi.
The neighbourhood houses thousands of migrant workers who have lived hand-to-mouth for decades, mostly employed in the unorganised sector as domestic staff, cooks, mechanics, car washers and construction labourers.
Now they fear they'll have to make sudden - and costly - trips home to keep their names on India's electoral rolls.
On 4 November, India began a major exercise to revise electoral rolls across 12 states and federally administered regions.
Known as the Special Intensive Revision (SIR), it covers nearly 510 million voters - or more than half of the country's 970 million electorate.
India's Election Commission (EC) says the aim of the exercise is to ensure that no eligible voter is excluded and no ineligible name remains on the rolls. A similar controversial exercise was carried out in India's Bihar state recently.
As part of this exercise, polling booth-level officers visit households across towns and villages, collecting personal identity details and voter card numbers.
For most migrant workers, an unplanned trip home means extra costs and lost wages.
"My employers approve time off only during elections and festivals. If I take leave now, I will lose my salary. I can't afford that. And someone else could replace me," Anjali Mondol, who works as a domestic help, told the BBC.
Similar concerns were echoed by others in the slum. Subhashri Doloi, also a domestic worker, says: "I was saving money to travel home in a few months to cast my vote. But if I use that money now, how will I go again during the election?"
AFP via Getty Images Booth Level Officials (BLO) distribute enumeration forms as a part of the Election Commission of India's Special Intensive Revision (SIR), at a fisherman's village on the Mousuni Island in West Bengal on November 10, 2025. (Photo by Dibyangshu SARKAR / AFP) (Photo by DIBYANGSHU SARKAR/AFP via Getty Images)AFP via Getty Images
Officials distribute enumeration forms during the electoral roll revision in West Bengal
Some worry about the gaps in their official documents - a common problem across India, especially in rural areas.
Kusum Devi, who works in a garment factory in Delhi, is a registered voter in her village in Uttar Pradesh - one of the states where the SIR is ongoing. But her Aadhaar, a national unique identification number, shows her as a resident of Delhi.
"There has been no problem so far, but I don't know what will happen now," she says.
Workers also worry that the SIR could affect their access to welfare schemes. For those from West Bengal (another state where SIR is ongoing), which borders Bangladesh, there is an added fear of being asked to prove their citizenship.
Crackdowns on alleged illegal immigrants from Bangladesh are not new in India. In recent months, hundreds of people have been arrested on suspicion of being illegal migrants.
"Nobody wants to be wrongfully branded as Bangladeshi," said Yaser Ali from West Bengal, who sells utensils. "If this [SIR] helps us, we want to make sure that it is done right. But how do we do it on such short notice?"
Under the guidelines, there is a provision to fill the SIR form online but most migrant workers the BBC spoke to said they were either unfamiliar with the process or found it "too risky".
The EC has dismissed these concerns, saying the process is being carried out in the most transparent manner.
In a statement shared with the BBC, the poll panel urged voters to opt for online verification, saying the option has been introduced especially "for the convenience of those electors who are currently not at their place of residence".
The physical forms, on the other hand, can be filled up by the electors themselves or "any adult family member", by mentioning their relationship with the elector, and handed over to the booth-level officers, it said.
The EC added that it will ensure that "sufficient opportunity and time is given to the electors for filing claims and objections".
Abhishek Dey Two women migrant workers in Delhi's Mayapuri industrial area, sitting in a local trade union office, discussing the electoral roll revision exercise and the documents it would require. Both of them are wearing shawl over their sarees and one of them, Kusum Devi, has her right forearm plastered because of a fracture. Behind the other woman, there's a broken door leaning against the wall of the trade union office Abhishek Dey
Migrant workers dicuss the revision of electoral rolls in a trade union office in Delhi
For the SIR, electoral rolls from 2002 to 2004 are being used as reference.
People whose names do not appear in those lists must produce one additional document - such as their birth or caste certificates, passports, school records, post-office papers and bank documents - to be able to enrol.
Those who became eligible voters or were born after the reference year must also show supporting documents for one or both their parents.
However, an order by the EC issued on 27 October says, "No document is to be collected from electors during the enumeration phase" - without giving any more details.
Some workers are hopeful. Ramdhin Prajapati, a factory worker who votes in Uttar Pradesh, says he sees SIR as a "one-time effort" he is willing to make.
Uttar Pradesh will not go to the polls before 2027 and Mr Prajapati feels there will be enough time to make corrections if things go wrong.
But that's not the case for workers from West Bengal, where elections are a few months away.
"There is hardly any time," says Uma Muniam, who works as a cook in Delhi. "There are millions of migrants like me spread across India. Will they be able to travel twice in four months - once for SIR and again for election?"
Rajesh Kumar, a Delhi-based trade unionist, says the poll panel needs to do more to create awareness about the process. "Most migrant workers lack job security and the SIR exercise is causing them stress," he said.
According to India's 2011 census, the most recent count, the country has around 139 million migrant workers, although the actual numbers are believed to be much higher.
"It would be useful if help desks were set up in big cities to assist these workers," Mr Kumar says.
Back in Rangpuri Pahari, some neighbours had gathered at Rajendranath Mallick's home last week.
Mr Mallick, one of the few migrants travelling to his West Bengal village for the SIR, has become a go-to figure in the slum, fielding constant questions. Some want him to fill out their forms once he reaches home; others, who've already sent papers to relatives, want him to check if the process has gone through.
Mr Mallick's feedback will help his neighbours decide whether, and when, they need to make the journey themselves.-bbc
G20 summit boycotted by US closes in South Africa
The G20 summit in South Africa, a gathering of the world's major economies, has ended with a joint declaration committing to "multilateral co-operation".
The declaration, which covered climate change mitigation and economic inequality, was adopted despite objections from the US, which boycotted the meeting in Johannesburg.
Speaking at the closing ceremony on Sunday, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said the agreement showed "shared goals" outweighed the countries' differences.
American President Donald Trump chose to abstain from the G20 because of a widely discredited claim that South Africa's white minority is the victim of large-scale killings and land grabs.
It was the first time a G20 summit was held in Africa. Indonesia, India and Brazil have led the summit over the past three years.
The US will host the G20 in 2026, with the summit expected to be held at Trump's golf course in Florida.
The ceremonial handover of the presidency which was meant to happen at the end of the summit on Sunday did not take place.
It is expected to take place next week, involving junior officials.
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said "it didn't matter much" that Trump had not attended, adding that multilateralism was "more alive than ever".
German Chancellor Fredriech Merz said it had not been a "good decision" for the US to abstain.
He told Reuters news agency that what he had noted at the G20 was that "the world is currently undergoing a realignment and that new connections are being formed".
Delegates also reached consensus on working towards "just, comprehensive, and lasting peace" in Ukraine, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the "Occupied Palestinian Territory".
The inclusion of Sudan is significant, according to Sudanese commentator and journalist Saeed Abdalla.
"I think for the first time, [at] the G20 now they bring the Sudan conflict [to the forefront] after more than two years," he told local broadcaster Newzroom Afrika.-bbc
Invest Wisely!
Bulls n Bears
Cellphone: +263 71 944 1674 | +27 79 993 5557
Email: <mailto:bulls at bullszimbabwe.com> bulls at bullszimbabwe.com
Website: <http://www.bullszimbabwe.com> www.bullszimbabwe.com
Blog: <http://www.bullszimbabwe.com/blog> www.bullszimbabwe.com/blog
Twitter (X): @bullsbears2010
LinkedIn: Bulls n Bears Zimbabwe
Facebook: <http://www.facebook.com/BullsBearsZimbabwe> www.facebook.com/BullsBearsZimbabwe
INVESTORS DIARY 2025
Company
Event
Venue
Date & Time
Companies under Cautionary
CBZH
GetBucks
EcoCash
Padenga
Econet
RTG
Fidelity
TSL
FMHL
<mailto:info at bulls.co.zw>
DISCLAIMER: This report has been prepared by Bulls ‘n Bears, a division of Faith Capital (Pvt) Ltd for general information purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or subscribe for any securities. The information contained in this report has been compiled from s believed to be reliable, but no representation or warranty is made or guarantee given as to its accuracy or completeness. All opinions expressed and recommendations made are subject to change without notice. Securities or financial instruments mentioned herein may not be suitable for all investors. Securities of emerging and mid-size growth companies typically involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. Neither Faith Capital nor any other member of Bulls ‘n Bears nor any other person, accepts any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this report or its contents or otherwise arising in connection therewith. Recipients of this report shall be solely responsible for making their own independent investigation into the business, financial condition and future prospects of any companies referred to in this report. Other Indices quoted herein are for guideline purposes only and d from third parties.
(c) 2025 Web: <http://www.bullszimbabwe.com> www.bullszimbabwe.com Email: <mailto:bulls at bullszimbabwe.com> bulls at bullszimbabwe.com Tel: +27 79 993 5557 | +263 71 944 1674
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0001.html>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: image001.png
Type: image/png
Size: 9458 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0002.png>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: image002.jpg
Type: image/jpeg
Size: 29359 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0003.jpg>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: image003.jpg
Type: image/jpeg
Size: 29321 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0004.jpg>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: image004.png
Type: image/png
Size: 34378 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0003.png>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: image005.jpg
Type: image/jpeg
Size: 29361 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0005.jpg>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: oledata.mso
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 65579 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://listmail.bulls.co.zw/pipermail/bulls/attachments/20251124/0e3cb063/attachment-0001.obj>
More information about the Bulls
mailing list