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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-ZW link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=916 style='width:687.2pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:33.35pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><a href="https://bullszimbabwe.com/"><span lang=EN-ZW style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=246 height=120 id="Picture_x0020_5" src="cid:image001.png@01DBF716.8693B590"></span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:32.1pt;text-indent:7.5pt;line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:32.1pt;text-indent:7.5pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.bullszimbabwe.com"><b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#0070C0;text-decoration:none'>Bullszimbabwe.com </span></b></a></span><b><span lang=EN-US 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style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#0070C0;text-decoration:none'> </span></b></span><span lang=EN-US><a href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/CF6wllAfScU9Wr6dXxoQnO"><b><span style='color:#70AD47;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW;text-decoration:none'>WhatsApp</span></b></a></span><span class=MsoHyperlink><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:#70AD47;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW;text-decoration:none'> </span></b></span><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:bulls@bullszimbabwe.com?subject=Unsubscribe"><b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#0070C0;text-decoration:none'>Unsubscribe</span></b></a></span><span class=style30><span style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;color:#00B050'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoSubtitle style='margin-left:32.1pt;text-indent:7.5pt;line-height:105%'><span class=style30><b><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:32.1pt;text-indent:7.5pt;line-height:105%'><span class=style30><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Major International Business Headlines Brief ::: 22 Jul 2025 </span></b></span><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span class=style30><b><span lang=EN-US> </span><o:p></o:p></b></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.0pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:info@bulls.co.zw"><span lang=EN-ZW style='color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=804 height=268 id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image002.jpg@01DBF716.8693B590"></span></a></span><span class=style30><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 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style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Shettima Calls for Concerted Effort to Save Nigeria's Forest<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Sudan to Block WhatsApp Calls Citing Security Concerns<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span 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!supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>South Africa: Wage Dispute Grounds Several FlySafair Planes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Somalia: Liquidation and Termination of the Administered Account for Somalia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Congo-Kinshasa: Soaring Demand for Electric Vehicles, Lithium-Ion Batteries Creates Environmental Crisis in DRC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Electricity Regulator Slashes Band a Tariff, Gives Reason<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Indigenous Oil and Gas Summit Postponed Indefinitely Amid Planning Concerns<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Wingdings;color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>ü<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Africa: SMEs Urged to Tap Trade Opportunities in Horn of Africa<span style='color:#222222'><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;line-height:115%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:info@bulls.co.zw"><span lang=EN-ZW style='color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=804 height=268 id="Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:image003.jpg@01DBF716.8693B590"></span></a></span><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 rowspan=3 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Zamfara Establishes Small Claims Courts to Boost Business Climate<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Gusau — -- launches Five Courts, Amends Laws to Attract Investment<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In a strategic move to invigorate its economic landscape, the Zamfara State Government has unveiled sweeping legal and institutional reforms aimed at improving the ease of doing business, including the establishment of five Small Claims Courts to expedite commercial dispute resolution.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The development was announced on Monday during a town hall meeting on the State Action on Business Enabling Reforms (SABER), organized by the Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council (PEBEC), and held at the Dr. Garba Nadama Hall, JB Yakubu Secretariat, in Gusau.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Speaking at the event, the Deputy Governor of Zamfara State, Mallam Mani Mummuni, affirmed the state's commitment to economic transformation through regulatory and legislative overhauls.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"The Zamfara State Government has embraced this crucial Federal Government initiative by forming the State Ease of Doing Business Council. We have also domesticated the initiative through the SABER framework," Mummuni stated.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>According to him, the reforms cover key areas such as land administration, tax simplification, infrastructure expansion, business incentives, and dispute resolution mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"One of the most notable outcomes is the creation of five dedicated Small Claims Courts with specific practice directions. These courts are designed to fast-track the resolution of business-related cases and create a more secure environment for entrepreneurs and investors," he added.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Sani Bukkuyum, the state's PEBEC Focal Person and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Budget and Planning, emphasized the importance of stakeholder participation, urging attendees to propose solutions that will further improve the state's business climate.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Let us build a future-oriented Zamfara, where businesses thrive and development is inclusive and sustainable," he urged.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The forum also featured goodwill messages from other senior officials. Aminu Guraguri, Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Commerce, applauded the initiative, highlighting the critical role of public-private collaboration in economic growth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Hajiya Saadatu Abdu Gusau, Permanent Secretary of the Donor and Multilateral Agency Coordination Office, described the reforms as timely, noting Zamfara's untapped potential in both human and natural resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"With the right policies, strategic partnerships, and institutional reforms, Zamfara can unlock its full economic potential," she said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Stakeholders at the forum underscored the urgency of reducing bureaucratic red tape, restoring investor confidence, and fostering a transparent regulatory environment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>They expressed optimism that the new measures will place Zamfara on the national map as an emerging hub for commerce, investment, and inclusive development.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"By working together, we can streamline processes and implement bold, forward-thinking policies that will position Zamfara as a model of economic growth and prosperity in Nigeria," the officials concluded.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Vanguard.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Tinubu to Inaugurate College of Petroleum Studies Kaduna<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has been commended for granting the College of Petroleum and Energy Studies in Kaduna (CPESK) a provisional license to operate as a private postgraduate university.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Governor Uba Sani, who praised Tinubu when the executive secretary of the Petroleum Technology Development Fund, Ahmad Galadima Aminu, paid him a courtesy call on Monday, disclosed that President Tinubu has accepted to commission the college later this month.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"We cannot make progress in a fast-changing and complex society if we fail to develop local capacity. This College, if well supported, has the potential of developing local manpower that will change the face of Nigeria's Petroleum Industry," Sani added.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Earlier, the Executive Secretary, Ahmad Galadima Aminu, said his team visited Governor Sani to brief him on the progress made toward the college's launch.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Aminu said that the College of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Kaduna, will admit its first cohort of PhD students in September 2025.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A total of 3,702 applications were received by the PTDF for the Split-Site PhD Programme. Currently, screening and interviews are ongoing, and successful candidates will soon be admitted into five faculties," he added.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Leadership.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>South Africa: Eight Injured After Protesters Petrol Bomb Golden Arrow Bus<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Protesters in Philippi are demanding jobs on MyCiti roadworks<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Eight passengers were seriously injured after a Golden Arrow bus was petrol bombed in Philippi early on Monday at the corner of Duinefontein and Govan Mbeki Roads.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A second bus was also set alight at around 8am and was quickly extinguished with no injuries reported, said Golden Arrow Bus Service spokesperson Bronwen Dyke-Beyer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Those injured in the first fire were taken to hospital.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A group of residents, unhappy that they have not been given jobs on the under-contruction MyCiti bus project on Govan Mbeki Road, protested throughout the day on Monday, blocking parts of the road. The group acknowledged they were responsible for petrol bombing the buses.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"We are tired of not being listened to when we ask for clarity and more information on the ongoing construction of the MyCiti bus projects," said protest leader Zamuxolo Makeleni.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"When we see an opportunity to disrupt, we will do so until the City comes on board and listens to our demands. Our demands are legitimate."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Vehicles were stoned by protesters and blocked from passing through. Tyres and debris were set alight on the road. Teenagers also participated in the protest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Last week, during a similar protest, a car was set alight in front of the municipal sub-council offices, and a contractor's vehicle and a Golden Arrow bus were stoned.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Philippi resident Sinethemba Thobani said the protesters were a small minority group with a selfish agenda. "Blocking roads, stoning company cars, torching of buses, and damaging property will never be the answer. If the demands of the protesters are legitimate, they must approach the relevant departments and engage," he told GroundUp.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Mayco member for Urban Mobility Rob Quintas said the City will not accede to any demands for the project work to be halted, as this will result in additional costs for the City. He requested community members be patient, allow the contractor to proceed, and follow the protocols.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on GroundUp.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Most Nigeria-China Trades Undocumented - Envoy<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Charge d' Affaires of the Embassy of Nigeria in Beijing, Ambassador Babagana Wakil, has said most trades between Nigeria and China are not documented.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He disclosed this when he hosted a team of journalists and top officers of the Nigeria Customs Service, who were in China for a separate training program, at the embassy on Monday.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>According to Amb Wakil, the official trade volume between Nigeria and China stands at around $20 billion in 2024.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He, however, said most trades were informal and not documented, adding that the trade volume for last year could reach $80 billion if those in the informal sector were captured.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"I was formerly the economic desk officer of the embassy and I know that the trade volume (between Nigeria and China) is far beyond what is being reported because more than half is undocumented and in the informal sector.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Pre-covid, we had less than $20 billion but we are looking at more than $70 to $80 billion now," he said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The envoy disclosed that after China upgraded its relationship with Nigeria to a comprehensive level in 2024, the two countries had increased engagement in many sectors.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He said many trade agreements have been signed and were being currently implemented by both countries, adding that discussions were ongoing to sign fresh Memorandum of Understandings.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Amb Wakil, therefore, highlighted the need for the visiting Customs officers to understudy their counterparts in China to improve their operations when they return home.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He also charged the visiting journalists to continue contributing their quota to national development by objectively reporting the activities of Nigerians in the diaspora while also sensitising them on the need to be law-abiding while in foreign lands.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The leader of the delegation from Customs, Assistant Controller-General Oluyomi Abolaji Adebokin, said having a good knowledge of how the Customs in China operates was pertinent following the increase in trade volume between the two countries.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Daily Trust.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Shettima Calls for Concerted Effort to Save Nigeria's Forest<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Vice President Kashim Shettima has warned about the critical state of Nigeria's forests and its economic implications if not tackled immediately, calling or concerted effort to remedy the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Shettima disclosed this at the Banquet Hall of the Presidential Villa, Abuja, during the Nigeria Forest Economy Summit 2025.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The summit was organised by the Presidential Committee on Economic and Financial Inclusion(PreCEFI) Secretariat, with the theme: "Sustainability of Nigeria's Forests: Unlocking the $2 billion potentials for economic and financial inclusion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Vice President, who was represented by Deputy Chief of Staff to the President, Ibrahim Hadejia, stressed that the summit must be remembered not as just another policy dialogue, but as a turning point where investment, innovation and industrialization of Nigerians forest economy for sustainable national progress was discussed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>This is as the Founder/CEO of Netzence sustainability limited (Netzence), Dr. Sadiq Sani assured that his company is using technology to unlock the over two billion dollars potentials in the forest sector.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Speaking while declaring the summit open, Shettima said "more than 90 percent of Nigeria's original forest cover has been depleted, and over 400,000 hectares lost annually, saying the situation was not an environmental crisis, but "economic emergency."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He stressed that the country is at a crossroads and that neglecting forest resources directly impoverishes the nation and its people.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"We cannot underestimate the importance of our forests. They are a treasure trove of biodiversity, timber, medicinal plants, and other valuable products that underpin agriculture, trade, health, climate resilience, and finance. Yet this vast potential remains largely untapped."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The VP said Nigeria could not ignore this challenge and called for innovation and inclusion, saying: "Embedding financial services in forest-based livelihoods will improve credit access, savings, insurance, and digital tools -- crucial for the 30 million Nigerians who remain financially excluded, especially women and girls."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Founder and CEO of Netzence, Dr. Sani, who was one of the key speakers at the event, said his company is contributing to provide technology that will unlock over two billion dollars from the nation's forestry.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He promised that Netzence is contributing to providing the technology needed to unlock the potential of $2 billion for Nigerian forestry, adding that "Our goal is to provide technology that allows us to measure emissions--the greenhouse gases (GHG) in our environment--and see how we can realize carbon credits for the environment as well. That is our fundamental aim through our proprietary technology CloseCarbon."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>He said the company is using technology built for the forestry environment, saying "We're currently building models regarding forest composition and decomposition. This lets us understand emissions and greenhouse gas levels in the forestry environment, and also the amount of carbon credit."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Answering questions from Journalists, he said the Company is currently working with the Federal Government from the presidency, ministries, like Federal Ministry of Livestock Development and Environment and agencies under the Ministry of Environment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Daily Trust.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Sudan to Block WhatsApp Calls Citing Security Concerns<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Khartoum — Sudan's Telecommunications and Post Regulatory Authority has announced a nationwide block on voice and video calls via WhatsApp, effective Friday, 25 July, citing national security concerns. The authority said the move is a "precautionary measure" to address threats to national stability and safeguard the country's interests.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In a statement by the regulator, they confirmed that text messaging and group chats will remain unaffected but urged users to accept the restrictions in the name of national interest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The decision has provoked widespread criticism, with activists and digital rights defenders describing it as an attack on freedom of communication.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>An activist who spoke to Radio Dabanga anonymously said the restriction is less about national security and more about controlling the public space and silencing dissent in a time of political crisis and protest. "This isn't about safety. It's about shutting people up. In a time of war, people need more transparency, not isolation."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Digital policy expert Ammar Hamouda said the move reflects a combination of security, political, and commercial motives. While the government previously framed similar restrictions in economic terms, he said this time the security justification is front and centre, even as the economic burden on civilians is ignored.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A group of Sudanese engineers condemned the ban, calling it a "direct infringement" on digital freedoms. They warned the decision would severely impact civilians who depend on WhatsApp to organise aid, seek support, and communicate with family.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"National security is not achieved by blocking services, but by building trust and creating a safe, open digital space," the group said, demanding the immediate reversal of the decision.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>With WhatsApp restricted, many users are now turning to VPNs, satellite services like Starlink, or foreign SIM cards to stay connected.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>However, these workarounds come with high costs, technical barriers, and legal uncertainty. Hamouda noted that no clear law bans VPN use, making the block difficult to enforce in practice.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>While telecom companies may benefit short-term from increased international call traffic, experts warn that the broader impact on public trust, access, and digital rights will be long-lasting.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"This is more than a technical issue," Hamouda told Radio Dabanga. "It reflects a deeper breakdown in governance and the rights of people to communicate freely in the midst of war."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Dabanga.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Africa's Minerals Are Being Bartered for Security - Why It's a Bad Idea<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A US-brokered peace deal between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda binds the two African nations to a worrying arrangement: one where a country signs away its mineral resources to a superpower in return for opaque assurances of security.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The peace deal, signed in June 2025, aims to end three decades of conflict between the DRC and Rwanda.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A key part of the agreement binds both nations to developing a regional economic integration framework. This arrangement would expand cooperation between the two states, the US government and American investors on "transparent, formalized end-to-end mineral chains".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Despite its immense mineral wealth, the DRC is among the five poorest countries in the world. It has been seeking US investment in its mineral sector.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The US has in turn touted a potential multi-billion-dollar investment programme to anchor its mineral supply chains in the traumatised and poor territory.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The peace that the June 2025 deal promises, therefore, hinges on chaining mineral supply to the US in exchange for Washington's powerful - but vaguely formulated - military oversight.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The peace agreement further establishes a joint oversight committee - with representatives from the African Union, Qatar and the US - to receive complaints and resolve disputes between the DRC and Rwanda.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>But beyond the joint oversight committee, the peace deal creates no specific security obligations for the US.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The relationship between the DRC and Rwanda has been marred by war and tension since the bloody First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congo wars. At the heart of much of this conflict is the DRC's mineral wealth. It has fuelled competition, exploitation and armed violence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>This latest peace deal introduces a resources-for-security arrangement. Such deals aren't new in Africa. They first emerged in the early 2000s as resources-for-infrastructure transactions. Here, a foreign state would agree to build economic and social infrastructure (roads, ports, airports, hospitals) in an African state. In exchange, it would get a major stake in a government-owned mining company. Or gain preferential access to the host country's minerals.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>We have studied mineral law and governance in Africa for more than 20 years. The question that emerges now is whether a US-brokered resources-for-security agreement will help the DRC benefit from its resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Based on our research on mining, development and sustainability, we believe this is unlikely.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>This is because resources-for-security is the latest version of a resource-bartering approach that China and Russia pioneered in countries such as Angola, the Central African Republic and the DRC.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Resource bartering in Africa has eroded the sovereignty and bargaining power of mineral-rich nations such as the DRC and Angola.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Further, resources-for-security deals are less transparent and more complicated than prior resource bartering agreements.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>DRC's security gaps<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The DRC is endowed with major deposits of critical minerals like cobalt, copper, lithium, manganese and tantalum. These are the building blocks for 21st century technologies: artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, wind energy and military security hardware. Rwanda has less mineral wealth than its neighbour, but is the world's third-largest producer of tantalum, used in electronics, aerospace and medical devices.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>For almost 30 years, minerals have fuelled conflict and severe violence, especially in eastern DRC. Tungsten, tantalum and gold (referred to as 3TG) finance and drive conflict as government forces and an estimated 130 armed groups vie for control over lucrative mining sites. Several reports and studies have implicated the DRC's neighbours - Rwanda and Uganda - in supporting the illegal extraction of 3TG in this region.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The DRC government has failed to extend security over its vast (2.3 million square kilometres) and diverse territory (109 million people, representing 250 ethnic groups). Limited resources, logistical challenges and corruption have weakened its armed forces.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>This context makes the United States' military backing enormously attractive. But our research shows there are traps.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>What states risk losing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Resources-for-infrastructure and resources-for-security deals generally offer African nations short-term stability, financing or global goodwill. However, the costs are often long-term because of an erosion of sovereign control.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Here's how this happens:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>certain clauses in such contracts can freeze future regulatory reforms, limiting legislative autonomy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>other clauses may lock in low prices for years, leaving resource-selling states unable to benefit when commodity prices surge<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>arbitration clauses often shift disputes to international forums, bypassing local courts<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>infrastructure loans are often secured via resource revenues used as loan security. This effectively ringfences exports and undermines sovereign fiscal control.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Examples of loss or near-loss of sovereignty from these sorts of deals abound in Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>For instance, Angola's US$2 billion oil-backed loan from China Eximbank in 2004. This was repayable in monthly deliveries of oil, with revenues directed to Chinese-controlled accounts. The loan's design deprived Angolan authorities of decision-making power over that income stream even before the oil was extracted.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>These deals also fragment accountability. They often span multiple ministries (such as defence, mining and trade), avoiding robust oversight or accountability. Fragmentation makes resource sectors vulnerable to elite capture. Powerful insiders can manipulate agreements for private gain.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In the DRC, this has created a violent kleptocracy, where resource wealth is systematically diverted away from popular benefit.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Finally, there is the risk of re-entrenching extractive trauma. Communities displaced for mining and environmental degradation in many countries across Africa illustrate the long-standing harm to livelihoods, health and social cohesion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>These are not new problems. But where extraction is tied to security or infrastructure, such damage risks becoming permanent features, not temporary costs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>What needs to change<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Critical minerals are "critical" because they're hard to mine or substitute. Additionally, their supply chains are strategically vulnerable and politically exposed. Whoever controls these minerals controls the future. Africa must make sure it doesn't trade that future away.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In a world being reshaped by global interests in critical minerals, African states must not underestimate the strategic value of their mineral resources. They hold considerable leverage.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>But leverage only works if it is wielded strategically. This means:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>investing in institutional strength and legal capacity to negotiate better deals<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>demanding local value creation and addition<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>requiring transparency and parliamentary oversight for minerals-related agreements<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>refusing deals that bypass human rights, environmental or sovereignty standards.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Africa has the resources. It must hold on to the power they wield.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Hanri Mostert, SARChI Chair for Mineral Law in Africa, University of Cape Town<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Tracy-Lynn Field, Professor of Environmental and Sustainability Law, University of the Witwatersrand<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>This article is republished from The Conversation Africa under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Cameroon Nears Full Cocoa Traceability As EU Deadline Looms, but Risks Remain<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Yaounde - Cameroon has announced that 99% of its cocoa can now be traced from individual farm plots to the export port - a significant step towards meeting new European Union sustainability requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Accoridng to the minister of trade, Luc Magloire Mbarga Atangana, who chaired a forum in Yaoundé assessing the country's readiness for the European Union's Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), which comes into effect on 30 December 2025.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The EUDR will ban the import of key commodities - such as cocoa, coffee, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber, and cattle products - into the EU if they are linked to land deforested after 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Officials say 24,800 cocoa farmers have been registered in Cameroon's traceability system, covering more than 28,000 cocoa plots that have been geo-located and mapped. These efforts are built on a geo-referenced data-sharing agreement signed on 28 August 2024 by Cameroon's cocoa and coffee inter-professional body.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Chocolate and rice among key EU imports facing climate threats<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The traceability tools allow exporters to identify the origins of cocoa and prove compliance with EU sustainability standards.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>To support this, the Cameroon Coffee and Cocoa Inter-professional Council (CICC), in collaboration with the Sustainable Cocoa Programme, has launched a free, user-friendly traceability platform.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"All exporters now have access to the coordinates of the cocoa plots they source from," said Omer Gatien Maledy, executive secretary of the CICC.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"The software is simple, easy to use, and freely available. It enables any exporter to verify and document the physical origin of their product."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Another tool - GEOSHARE - has also been developed by the CICC. It provides parcel-level information to help exporters meet the EUDR's traceability requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Minister Mbarga Atangana welcomed the progress and reaffirmed the government's commitment to inclusive compliance: "No farmer will be left behind. We are working to ensure that no cocoa is unfairly denied access to the European market."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The EU postponed enforcement of the EUDR from 1 January 2025 to 1 January 2026 after appeals from producing countries like Cameroon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The delay is seen as critical: the EU is Cameroon's main export destination, receiving 78 percent of its cocoa and 87 percent of its coffee, according to official data.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>As the world's fifth-largest cocoa producer, Cameroon's compliance with the EUDR is essential. The regulation requires adherence to seven key principles, including land rights, environmental protection, respect for labour and human rights, and obtaining free, prior, and informed consent from indigenous communities. It also demands compliance with rules on taxation, anti-corruption, trade, and customs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>European Union adopts law to ban products driving deforestation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Structural and policy obstacles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Despite significant progress, officials admit that major challenges remain. Chief among them is institutional fragmentation, with overlapping responsibilities and poor coordination between the ministries of agriculture, forestry, environment, and land Tenure. This lack of clarity creates loopholes and delays.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Moreover, many smallholder farmers lack formal land titles, making it difficult to invest in long-term sustainable practices. This also leaves them vulnerable to land grabs and evictions by speculators.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Cameroon also supports cocoa agroforestry--a practice that combines cocoa cultivation with forest conservation--as a sustainable model. However, the EU has yet to fully recognise agroforestry within its definition of deforestation-free agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"We strongly advocate for agroforestry, which we see as sustainable and beneficial," Maledy said. "Unfortunately, the current EU regulation does not recognise its value. We intend to actively participate in upcoming review processes to ensure this approach is properly acknowledged."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In the meantime, the CICC has intensified its efforts to raise awareness among farmers. NGOs have joined the campaign. In Ntui - a major cocoa-growing area - Agro Produce Management Services (AMS), a local NGO involved in cocoa certification, is training farmers in best practices such as pruning, fertiliser use, and environmental compliance.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>AMS enforces a strict no-deforestation policy for its members. "We believe nearly all of our farmers are now aware of the EU regulation," said Jacobel Ndam Mofor, a senior AMS official. "We do not accept new farmers who clear forest land to establish cocoa farms."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>West Africa hopes to strengthen cocoa prices with new members Cameroon, Nigeria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Production ambitions vs. environmental commitments<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Cameroon's plan to triple cocoa production to 640,000 metric tonnes by 2030 risks clashing with the EU's sustainability standards. Experts warn that this goal is unlikely to be met through yield improvements alone.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Climate change and ageing cocoa trees are limiting productivity across West Africa," said Vignesh Kamath, Associate Programme Officer at UNEP-WCMC. "Cameroon will likely need to expand the area under cocoa cultivation to meet its targets."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>However, such expansion could contravene the EUDR's deforestation rules, leaving producers with cocoa that may not be eligible for the EU market.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read or Listen to this story on the RFI website.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>South Africa: Wage Dispute Grounds Several FlySafair Planes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>FlySafair confirmed several of its planes are grounded due to a wage dispute between pilots and the local and regional carrier, reports EWN. The company said 8% of its flights have been cancelled despite earlier reassurances that operations would not be affected by the start of the strike. The trade union Solidarity initiated a one-day strike, prompting FlySafair to respond with a two-week lockout notice for striking pilots. Negotiations stalled with the union demanding a 10.5% pay increase while the airline is offering 5.7%, citing the high existing salaries of pilots and cost concerns. Further disruptions may occur as talks continue.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Five Family Members Killed in Tragic R66 Crash Near Gingindlovu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Several family members, including a three-year-old child and a two-month-old baby, have died following a tragic collision between a bakkie and a light motor vehicle in Gingindlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, reports SABC News. Seven others, three adults and four children under the age of 14, were seriously injured. The injured were stabilized and treated by IPSS Medical Rescue paramedics before being transported to nearby hospitals. The rescue team expressed condolences to the families of the victims.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Senzo Meyiwa Trial Resumes<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Senzo Meyiwa trial has resumed in the Pretoria High Court, with the state expected to continue with its case, reports EWN. Five men stand accused of the Bafana Bafana captain's 2014 murder in what the state believes was a hit. The court is expected to review events from a recent in loco inspection, where the accused Muzi Sibiya claimed police assaulted him to extract a confession, an allegation denied by lead investigator Brigadier Bongani Gininda, who is currently testifying. The court may also decide on the next steps in the trial, including how many more witnesses the state intends to call.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Hunt Continues for Camps Bay Jeep Track Attacker After Brutal Assault<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Police are still on the hunt for a suspect wanted in connection with the brutal attack on the Jeep Track in Camps Bay, reports EWN. The woman suffered severe injuries, including partial blindness in one eye and scalp damage that required surgery. Her attacker fled after being spotted by two approaching women. According to police, the motive remains unclear as nothing was stolen from the victim. Investigations are ongoing, and the community remains on high alert.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>More South African news<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Somalia: Liquidation and Termination of the Administered Account for Somalia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>On July 10, 2025, the IMF Executive Board approved the termination of the Administered Account for Somalia ("Somalia Administered Account" or SAA), effective August 1, 2025. The SAA was established by the Executive Board on December 18, 2019, to facilitate fundraising for, and delivery of, debt relief to Somalia with respect to obligations owed to the Fund.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>As stipulated in the SAA Instrument, the SAA shall remain in effect for as long as necessary, in the judgment of the Fund, to conduct and wind up the business of the account. Following Somalia's successful achievement of the HIPC completion point in December 2023 and the full delivery of debt relief under the HIPC Initiative and beyond-HIPC, the SAA has fulfilled its purpose and may now be liquidated and terminated.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Instrument also provides that the remaining balance in the SAA shall be transferred to the PRG-HIPC Trust or returned to Contributors that request a refund of their pro-rata share or any portion of such share. The SAA was financed by 102 member countries and the European Commission (EC) which provided a top up to be used in case any residual financing gap arose.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on IMF.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Congo-Kinshasa: Soaring Demand for Electric Vehicles, Lithium-Ion Batteries Creates Environmental Crisis in DRC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>United Nations — Electric vehicles contribute to an ongoing environmental and humanitarian crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Mining operations cause deforestation, pollution, food insecurity and exploitative labor practices.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Advertisers paint electric vehicles as an environmentally friendly option to help save the planet. In the West, American states like California and New York incentivize citizens to go green and help their cities by ditching gas-powered vehicles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>California officials are trying to enact legislation to reach 100 percent zero-emission vehicle sales by 2035. Across the country in New York, officials implemented the Drive Clean Rebate. Through this program, New Yorkers can receive up to 2,000 USD off the purchase or lease of an electric vehicle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Governments are pushing for more electric vehicle sales because they are helping reduce the damage inflicted by fossil fuels. In the United States, emissions have reduced by around 66 percent. In China, a country dominating the electric vehicle production and sales market, emissions have been reduced by an estimated range of 37 percent to 45 percent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>However, consumers must understand that electric vehicles primarily benefit the environment in wealthier regions. Rising demands for electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries foster destruction and exploitation in poorer countries like the DRC.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>One of the key minerals used to make lithium-ion batteries is cobalt. The DRC is the world's top producer of mined cobalt, at a staggering 75 percent. To fulfill high demands for the mineral, the DRC has become a hot spot overrun by industrial and artisanal small-scale mining operations.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"The surge in demand for lithium-ion batteries has dramatically increased global demand for cobalt, and DRC cobalt production is projected to double by 2030," said the International Labor Organization (ILO) to IPS. "Because industrial mines can't keep pace, this has encouraged expansion of artisanal and unregulated mining."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Artisanal small-scale mines are poorly regulated, informal operations for extracting minerals. Located all over the DRC, these mines exploit child labor, use basic handheld tools, and disregard safety protocols.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"ASM can also lead to conflict as clashes take place between traditional licensed large-scale mining operations and ASM over access to minerals," Dr. Lamfu Yengong, the Forest campaigner for Greenpeace Africa, told IPS. "While statistics on the actual number of ASM miners in SSA are hard to find, it is estimated that in the DRC alone, there are between 200,000 and 250,000 ASM miners who are responsible for mining as much as 25 percent of the DRC's cobalt."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The growth of mining is also decimating the DRC's environment. Mining sites need large areas of land to operate. As laborers dig, open pits form, releasing dust and other toxic chemicals into the air and polluting surrounding waterways.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Cobalt mines often contain sulfur minerals, which can create acid mine drainage. This process occurs when sulfur minerals are exposed to both air and water.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Sulfuric acid is incredibly harmful because it can make water unsafe for human consumption, kill aquatic life and produce algal blooms. Contact with the acid causes skin irritation and burns, and respiratory issues, and long-term exposure increases the risk of cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Deforestation, erosion, contaminated soil and water sources, increased noise levels and dust and smoke emissions from mining pursuits disrupt the lives of Congolese locals and wildlife. Many are killed or forced to relocate as land, once prosperous for life, now nourishes profit-fueled exploits.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Mining in the DRC is tearing through the heart of the Congo Basin, one of the world's most important carbon sinks, leaving behind poisoned rivers, deforested landscapes, and devastated ecosystems," Yengong said. "What once were lush forests are now scarred by unregulated extraction, threatening biodiversity, accelerating climate change, and robbing future generations of their environmental heritage."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Despite having over 197 million acres of arable land, the DRC is one of the top-ranking areas of food insecurity globally. Over 25 million Congolese people suffer from a lack of access to food.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Mining endeavors only fuel the hunger crisis because contaminants in the soil and water make growing crops difficult. Forest resources also disappear as more land is cleared for new mines.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Alongside food insecurity impacted by pollution, agriculture efforts suffer from climate change. Weather patterns have drastically changed across the globe, making rain patterns unpredictable. A heavy reliance on rainfed agriculture and prolonged droughts in the DRC immensely impact food supplies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>One of the many camps in the DRC for people displaced by conflict and environmental devastation. Credit: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The pursuit of minerals for lithium-ion batteries encourages mass destruction and egregious human rights violations in the DRC. But mining operations cannot simply stop to solve the problem. Many Congolese people rely on working in the mines to support their families.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Groups such as the ILO, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Food Programme (WFP) are actively working on sustainable solutions to stop further exploitation and harm to the DRC.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"To improve the health of workers in or near mine sites, the ILO is supporting the roll-out of the universal health insurance scheme (Couverture Santé Universelle--CSU), which aims to provide coverage for all individuals in DRC, including those working in the mining sector and their families," the ILO said. "The benefit package will include a range of services such as general and specialist consultations, hospitalization, essential medicines and vaccines, medical procedures and exams, maternity and newborn care, palliative care, and patient transfers between facilities."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The UNEP is forming plans focusing on minimizing the environmental impacts of mining. Working with the DRC's government<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"UNEP is working with the DRC's government to develop a national plan for the extraction of minerals like cobalt. The plan would focus on minimizing the environmental impact of mining," said Corey Pattison in a UNEP press release. "We are also exploring whether local and international institutions can help resolve conflict around mineral extraction, including through processes like revenue sharing and dispute resolution."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The WFP is trying to ease the problem by investing in resilience programs. Activities are created to build skills in communities to improve long-term food security. Skill building includes educating farmers in post-harvest loss management, literacy, business and collective marketing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>They also work closely with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to limit negative environmental impacts. Reforestation initiatives are actively underway across the DRC. The WFP reported that 3,850 women in North and South Ubangi planted tree seedlings in 2022.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The crisis in the DRC should not mark the end of lithium batteries and electric vehicles. Scientists are working on new solutions for cleaner, more efficient power sources. Some new batteries in the works include sodium-ion batteries, silicon-carbon batteries, and lithium-sulfur batteries. Introducing more power sources could limit the overwhelming strain on resources in the DRC as the need for cobalt would reduce.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>A report released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) suggests that sustainable mining techniques and technologies are another tactic to reduce environmental impacts. However, significant change relies on the DRC's government and its officials. They must enforce stricter mandates to mitigate the harm ravaging Congolese people's lives.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The ILO says that Corporate Social Responsibility has been made mandatory through the 2018 mining code. Mining companies are required to invest .3 percent of their annual turnover into community development projects.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In turn, the mandate allows for easy tracking of mining companies' income through transparency mechanisms like the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>While the DRC has enacted environmental regulations and is involved in additional support programs, its history of weak institutions and conflict challenges aid efforts. Rampant instability greatly limits the implementation and enforcement of policies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"The world's clean energy transition must not come at the cost of Congolese lives and forests. The critical minerals beneath the DRC fuel the global economy, yet the people above them remain among the poorest and most exploited," said Yengong. "Real climate solutions must prioritize the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, end greenwashing, and ensure justice, not just extraction."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>IPS UN Bureau Report<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Follow @IPSNewsUNBureau<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on IPS.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Electricity Regulator Slashes Band a Tariff, Gives Reason<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The regulatory body said the decision followed the need for tariff to reflect power generation subsidy by the federal government.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Enugu State Electricity Regulatory Commission (EERC) has issued a new tariff to MainPower Electricity Distribution Limited.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>MainPower is the electricity company in Enugu State which succeeded Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Slashing of tariff<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>EERC has now issued an order compelling MainPower to slash the electricity tariff in the South-eastern state.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The order with the number: EERC/2025/003 was issued on Saturday and entitled "Tariff Order for MainPower Electricity Distribution Limited 2025."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The reviewed electricity cost for Band A is brought down from N209/ kWh (per kiloWatt) to N160/kWh.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The new tariff would take effect from 1 August 2025, according to the EER.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The regulatory commission said its decision was cost reflective, insisting that tariffs must reflect power generation subsidies by the federal government for the benefit of electricity consumers.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The EER noted that it issued the order in compliance with the Enugu State Electricity Law 2023 which empowers the commission to regulate the activities of electricity companies in the state.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>'Why we reduced electricity tariff'- EER<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Speaking to reporters in Enugu on Saturday, the Chairperson of the EER, Chijioke Okonkwo, said the reduction in tariff followed the commission's review of MainPower's tariff and licence applications as the new subsidiary company that operates in Enugu State.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"We reviewed their entire costs, using our Tariff Methodology Regulations 2024, and the supporting Distribution Tariff Model to get an average price of N94.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"The price is low due to some reasons and including the fact the federal government is subsidising electricity generation cost which comes to a cost of about N45 out of the actual cost of N112 for Enugu State," Mr Okonkwo explained.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"That was how we came about the average tariff of N94 as cost reflective tariff at our level as a subnational electricity market."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The chairperson said that the actual Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) cost of purchase made by Mainpower outside the federal government's subsidised power would trigger automatic tariff adjustment to accommodate the PPA price given that such power would not be subsidised.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Breaking this across the various tariff bands means that Band A will be paying N160 while other Bands B, C, D, and E are frozen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Band A at N160 will help MainPower to manage the rate shock, and if the subsidy is removed, the savings will assist them in stabilising the tariff over a defined period of time. Nevertheless, at all times, the tariff will be cost reflective and will not require any state subsidy," he stated.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Mr Okonkwo, however, said the new N160 Band A tariff could be difficult to sustain should the federal government remove the generation tariff subsidy currently being enjoyed by electricity consumers throughout the country, as tariffs would most likely rise.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"But until then, it is only right that Ndi Enugu - Band A customers enjoy the reduced tariff effective August 1, 2025," he said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>'We will begin monitoring compliance'<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Mr Okonkwo also announced that EERC had put in place monitoring and evaluation systems and guidelines to ensure MainPower's compliance with service commitments so that its customers do not pay more for less power.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"MainPower is obliged to publish daily on its website a rolling seven-day average daily hours of supply on each Bank A feeder no later than 9a.m. of the next day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Where MainPower fails to deliver on the committed level of service on Band A feeder for two consecutive days, MainPower shall report this to the commission within 24 hours," he said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"Where MainPower fails to meet the committed service level to a Band A feeder for seven consecutive days, the feeder shall be automatically downgraded to the recorded level of supply."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The chairperson assured that the commission was committed to working with industry developers, investors and customers to develop access and improve electricity services to Enugu people.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"This is a win for the establishment," he stated.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Background<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In March 2023, the National Assembly passed 16 constitutional amendment bills, one of which had to do with devolution of powers to allow states to generate, transmit and distribute electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In June 2024, President Bola Tinubu assented to the electricity bill, which authorises states, companies, and individuals to generate, transmit and distribute electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The new electricity law repeals the Electric Power Sector Reform Act, signed by the then Nigerian President, Olusegun Obasanjo, in 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>With the new law, states would be able to issue licenses to private investors who can operate mini-grids and power plants, but such state licenses are not to extend to inter-state or transnational distribution of electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In the South-east, Enugu State was the first to seek regulatory oversight by enacting the Enugu State Electricity Law, 2023, which established EERC as an agency responsible for the distribution and regulation of power in the state.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission subsequently transferred the regulatory oversight of the electricity market in Enugu State to EER in April 2024.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In exercise of regulatory powers, EERC, in October last year, licensed Mainpower Electricity Distribution Limited to replace the EEDC in distributing electricity in Enugu State.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Premium Times.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nigeria: Indigenous Oil and Gas Summit Postponed Indefinitely Amid Planning Concerns<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The Organizing Committee of the Indigenous Oil and Gas Summit has announced the indefinite postponement of the highly anticipated event, which was originally slated for July 23-24, 2025, in Lagos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>In an official statement released on Monday, the committee cited "current circumstances" that could affect planning, logistics, and the overall quality of the summit as key reasons behind the decision. While specific details were not disclosed, organizers emphasized the importance of maintaining high standards for stakeholder engagement and experience.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"As a platform committed to excellence, inclusion, and the advancement of indigenous participation in the oil and gas sector, we believe it is in the best interest of all stakeholders to reschedule," the statement read.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The postponement has been met with mixed reactions across the industry, as the summit was expected to bring together key players, policy makers, and innovators to discuss strategies for boosting indigenous involvement in Nigeria's oil and gas industry.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The organizing committee, led by Wenefred Ogunze, expressed regret over the inconvenience caused and reassured registered participants and partners that a new date will be communicated in due course. They also reaffirmed their commitment to the summit's goals and encouraged continued engagement from stakeholders.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Vanguard.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Africa: SMEs Urged to Tap Trade Opportunities in Horn of Africa<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Nairobi — The government has called on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to explore emerging business opportunities in the Horn of Africa, citing regional integration as a key driver of economic growth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Speaking during the Global Somali Entrepreneurial Forum in Nairobi, Principal Secretary for MSMEs Development Susan Mang'eni said the region's interconnected markets offer untapped potential for cross-border trade and investment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"There is enormous potential in intra-African trade that remains underutilized due to barriers such as limited trade financing, fragmented payment systems, and inadequate infrastructure," said Mang'eni.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>She pointed to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) as a critical platform, especially under its protocol supporting youth and women in trade, and urged financial institutions to design tailored financial instruments to support regional commerce.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The two-day forum, held on July 19-20, brought together policymakers, entrepreneurs, and investors from across the Horn of Africa to discuss ways of enhancing economic cooperation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>The event emphasized the need for structured investment vehicles such as SME funds, co-investment platforms, and innovation hubs to attract diaspora capital and drive long-term growth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Mang'eni reaffirmed the Kenyan government's commitment to supporting enterprise development through ongoing reforms aimed at improving the business environment, access to finance, and regional trade.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>"The government is working closely with the private sector to promote innovation, create jobs, and deepen trade integration across the region," she said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Also present at the forum were Health Cabinet Secretary Aden Duale, Kenya's Special Envoy on Technology Amb. Philip Thigo, and Somalia's Ambassador to Kenya, H.E. Jibril Ibrahim Abdulle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Read the original article on Capital FM.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:50.35pt;line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:10.05pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=X-NONE style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'> </span><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Invest Wisely!</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Bulls n Bears </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Courier New";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Cellphone: +263 71 944 1674 | +27 79 993 5557 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Email: </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:bulls@bullszimbabwe.com"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>bulls@bullszimbabwe.com</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Website: </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.bullszimbabwe.com"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>www.bullszimbabwe.com</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Blog: </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.bullszimbabwe.com/blog"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>www.bullszimbabwe.com/blog</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Twitter (X): @bullsbears2010<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>LinkedIn: Bulls n Bears Zimbabwe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>Facebook: </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.facebook.com/BullsBearsZimbabwe"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>www.facebook.com/BullsBearsZimbabwe</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:33.35pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><img border=0 width=278 height=115 id="_x0000_i1028" src="cid:image004.png@01DBF716.8693B590"></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:115%;background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:10.05pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#345883'>INVESTORS DIARY 2025</span></strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=175 style='width:131.3pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:12.6pt;line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Company</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=207 style='width:155.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Event</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Venue</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Date & Time</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=175 valign=top style='width:131.3pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=207 style='width:155.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=top style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-72.0pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=175 valign=top style='width:131.3pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=207 style='width:155.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=top style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-72.0pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=175 valign=top style='width:131.3pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=207 style='width:155.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=top style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-72.0pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=382 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:286.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>Companies under Cautionary<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=382 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:286.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=382 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:286.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>CBZH<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>GetBucks<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>EcoCash<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=382 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:286.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Padenga<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Econet<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>RTG<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=382 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:286.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Fidelity<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>TSL<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>FMHL<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:3.25pt'><td width=382 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:286.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=353 style='width:264.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=175 valign=bottom style='width:131.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-right:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoBodyText style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:3.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:99.35pt'><td width=910 colspan=4 style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:99.35pt'><p class=MsoBodyText align=center style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:info@bulls.co.zw"><span lang=EN-ZW style='color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=804 height=268 id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image005.jpg@01DBF716.8693B590"></span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:99.35pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#1F497D;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#1F497D;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:white'>DISCLAIMER: This report has been prepared by Bulls ‘n Bears, a division of Faith Capital (Pvt) Ltd for general information purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or subscribe for any securities. The information contained in this report has been compiled from s believed to be reliable, but no representation or warranty is made or guarantee given as to its accuracy or completeness. All opinions expressed and recommendations made are subject to change without notice. Securities or financial instruments mentioned herein may not be suitable for all investors. Securities of emerging and mid-size growth companies typically involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. Neither Faith Capital nor any other member of Bulls ‘n Bears nor any other person, accepts any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this report or its contents or otherwise arising in connection therewith. Recipients of this report shall be solely responsible for making their own independent investigation into the business, financial condition and future prospects of any companies referred to in this report. Other Indices quoted herein are for guideline purposes only and d from third parties.</span></i><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></i></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:white'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'> (c) 2025 Web: </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.bullszimbabwe.com"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>www.bullszimbabwe.com</span></a></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'> Email: </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:bulls@bullszimbabwe.com"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'>bulls@bullszimbabwe.com</span></a></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'> Tel: +27 79 993 5557 | +263 71 944 1674</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:EN-ZW'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width=910 colspan=4 valign=bottom style='width:682.8pt;border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td><td width=6 style='width:4.4pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:105%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>